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The impact of COVID-19 in patients with severe aortic stenosis: Artificial intelligence research

Virginia Pascual-Tejerina1, Pedro Beneyto2, Tomás Cantón1

  • 1Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain.

Cirugia Espanola
|September 5, 2022
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 pandemic increased mortality for severe aortic stenosis patients, both infected and uninfected, compared to the pre-pandemic era. Fewer patients sought hospital care during the pandemic

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) carries a poor prognosis without intervention.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered healthcare access and patient outcomes.
  • Understanding the pandemic's impact on severe AS mortality is crucial for clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic's first wave on mortality in patients with severe aortic stenosis.
  • To compare mortality rates of severe AS patients during the pandemic (with and without COVID-19) versus the pre-pandemic period.
  • To analyze changes in cardiac surgery rates during the pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized in a Spanish region during the first COVID-19 wave and the same period in the prior year.
  • Utilized Artificial Intelligence-based software to evaluate mortality in severe AS patients.
  • Compared mortality across three groups: severe AS without COVID-19 (pre-pandemic), severe AS without COVID-19 (pandemic), and severe AS with COVID-19 (pandemic).

Main Results:

  • A 13.82% decrease in overall hospital admissions was observed during the first wave.
  • Mortality for severe AS patients without COVID-19 was higher during the pandemic (4.37%) compared to the pre-pandemic era (2.57%).
  • Mortality was significantly higher in COVID-19 positive severe AS patients (11.47%) compared to COVID-19 negative patients (4.37%) during the pandemic.

Conclusions:

  • The study indicates a reduction in hospital admissions and an excess mortality among severe aortic stenosis patients during the first COVID-19 wave.
  • Both COVID-19 positive and negative severe AS patients experienced increased mortality compared to the previous year.
  • A significant decrease in cardiac surgeries was noted for COVID-19 positive patients compared to those without COVID-19.
Abstract

Keywords:
Aortic stenosisCOVID-19Cardiac surgeryCirugía cardiacaEstenosis aórticaIntervencionismo estructuralMortalidadMortalityStructural heart intervention

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