Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 29, 2025
In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
Published on: May 27, 2022
Cardio-renal interaction - Clinical trials update 2022
Michael Kunz1, Felix Götzinger1, Insa Emrich1
1Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Saarland, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany.
Insights
Recent studies highlight cardiorenal interactions, focusing on new treatments like finerenone and SGLT2-Inhibitors for chronic kidney disease patients. These findings may impact clinical practice for managing cardiovascular risks.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Cardiology
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant cardiovascular risk factor, increasing morbidity and mortality.
- The cardiorenal syndrome highlights the intricate pathophysiological link between the heart and kidneys.
- Understanding these interactions is crucial for managing complex patient populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent clinical studies (2021-2022) on cardiorenal interactions.
- To discuss novel therapeutic agents and their impact on cardio-renal health.
- To provide updated insights into managing cardiovascular and kidney diseases.
Main Methods:
- Literature search of high-impact journals via PubMed.
- Inclusion of clinically relevant trials published in 2021 and 2022.
- Critical review of studies on specific drugs and conditions.
Main Results:
- New evidence on finerenone (mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist) and SGLT2-Inhibitors for renoprotection.
- Updated insights into treating arterial hypertension in severe CKD with chlorthalidone.
- Review of data on infective endocarditis in hemodialysis patients and etelcalcetide for secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Conclusions:
- Recent studies on cardiorenal interactions offer significant findings that may influence clinical practice.
- The reviewed evidence provides a contemporary perspective on managing patients with combined cardiac and kidney conditions.
- Further research and clinical application of these findings are warranted.
Aims:
Chronic kidney disease is a common cardiovascular risk indicator and strongly associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The heart and kidneys are pathophysiologically closely connected, which becomes particularly obvious in patients with cardiorenal syndrome. This review summarizes clinically relevant studies on the cardio-renal interaction published in 2021 and 2022.
Data Synthesis:
Selected trials published in high-impact journals were chosen from the database Pubmed and included in this review. New evidence about the selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone and the renoprotective sodium-glucose co-transporter-2-inhibitors (SGLT2-Inhibitors) are discussed and we update on novel insights about the treatment of arterial hypertension in patients with severe chronic kidney disease with the thiazide-like diuretic chlorthalidone. Finally, data on infective endocarditis in patients on chronic hemodialysis and the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism with the calcimimetic drug etelcalcetide in patients with end stage kidney disease are critically reviewed.
Conclusion:
Several important studies investigating cardio-renal interactions were recently published may affect clinical practice. The graphical abstract (Fig. 1) depicts the most relevant clinical studies investigating cardio-renal interactions.
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