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Trained immunity in type 2 immune responses.

Franziska Hartung1, Julia Esser-von Bieren2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Innate immune cells develop "trained immunity," offering cross-protection against pathogens and potentially driving inflammation. This memory response involves innate cells and epithelial cells in type 2 immunity, with implications for therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Innate Immunity
  • Type 2 Immunity

Background:

  • Trained immunity, or immunological memory in innate immune cells, provides cross-protection but can also cause chronic inflammation.
  • Type 2 immunity memory involves not only adaptive cells (T and B cells) but also innate immune cells and epithelial cells.
  • Memory responses are observed in monocytes, macrophages, airway epithelial cells (asthma), and macrophages and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) in mice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss recent advances in understanding trained type 2 immunity.
  • To highlight key remaining questions regarding the mechanisms and functions of trained type 2 immunity in infection and inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on trained immunity in type 2 immune responses.
  • Discussion of metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying immune cell reprogramming.
  • Exploration of the role of trained immunity in helminth infections and allergic diseases.

Main Results:

  • Trained immunity in type 2 responses involves innate immune cells and epithelial cells, extending beyond adaptive immunity.
  • Metabolic and epigenetic pathways are beginning to be understood as mediators of this immune memory.
  • Evidence suggests trained immunity plays roles in helminth-induced immune regulation and allergen immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Trained type 2 immunity is a crucial mechanism in both infection and inflammation.
  • Understanding its metabolic and epigenetic underpinnings is key to future therapeutic strategies.
  • Exploiting trained immunity holds promise for treating allergic diseases and enhancing immunotherapy.