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Chlorophyll Fluorometer for Intelligent Water Sampling by a Small Uncrewed Aircraft System (sUAS).

Caitlyn M English1, Zechariah B Kitzhaber1, Kazi Ragib I Sanim2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2629University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.

Applied Spectroscopy
|September 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new waterproof, low-power fluorometer on a small uncrewed aircraft system (sUAS) measures chlorophyll in water. This system enables automated environmental water sampling with a detection limit of 0.2 μg/L.

Keywords:
Fluorescenceaerial droneautomaticchlorophyllfluorometersUASsamplingsmall uncrewed aircraft systemwater

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental monitoring
  • Instrumentation
  • Remote sensing

Background:

  • Accurate in-situ chlorophyll measurement is crucial for assessing aquatic ecosystem health.
  • Existing methods can be labor-intensive or lack real-time data acquisition capabilities.
  • Small uncrewed aircraft systems (sUAS) offer a versatile platform for environmental data collection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a lightweight, low-power fluorometer for deployment on an sUAS.
  • To enable autonomous, in-situ chlorophyll detection and trigger water sampling.
  • To assess the performance and detection limits of the sUAS-mounted fluorometer.

Main Methods:

  • A waterproof, 1.3 kg, low-power (1.1 W) fluorometer operating at 5 V DC was designed.
  • Excitation was achieved using a 450 nm modulated laser, with fluorescence detected by a photodiode and transimpedance amplifier.
  • Control and data logging were managed by an Arduino microcontroller and Raspberry Pi 4B using the Robot Operating System (ROS).
  • Calibrations used dissolved chlorophyll standards from Chlorella powder.

Main Results:

  • The fluorometer achieved a detection limit of 0.2 μg/L for chlorophyll with a 0.1 s measurement.
  • Detection limits improved with longer integration times, as expected.
  • Electrical noise from the sUAS increased detection limits by 2-3x, while acoustic noise and vibration had minimal impact.

Conclusions:

  • The developed sUAS-based fluorometer system is effective for in-situ chlorophyll measurement.
  • The system demonstrates potential for automated environmental water quality monitoring and targeted sampling.
  • Further optimization is needed to mitigate electrical noise interference for improved detection limits.