To do one and to get more: Part I. Diabetes and bone

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Metabolic Diseases
• Bone Health

Background:

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition marked by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance.
• Diabetic patients frequently experience comorbidities, with musculoskeletal disorders often overlooked.
• Osteoporosis and fractures are common in individuals with diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the evidence on the correlation between diabetes and osteoporosis/fractures.
• To assess the potential benefits of antidiabetic agents (ADAs) in preventing osteoporosis and fractures.
• To explore the role of lifestyle modifications in managing T2DM and bone health.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of existing literature on T2DM, osteoporosis, fractures, and antidiabetic agents.
• Analysis of studies investigating the impact of ADAs on bone metabolism and fracture risk.
• Evaluation of the contribution of lifestyle interventions to diabetes management and musculoskeletal integrity.

Main Results:

• A positive correlation exists between diabetes and osteoporosis or fracture risk.
• The effectiveness of ADAs in preventing osteoporosis and reducing fractures remains inconclusive.
• Lifestyle modifications show promise in improving insulin resistance, diabetes control, and musculoskeletal health.

Conclusions:

• While ADAs' bone health benefits are uncertain, a "one-and-done" therapeutic approach is desirable.
• Healthy lifestyle changes are vital for T2DM management, potentially reducing vascular complications and enhancing musculoskeletal function.
• Future drug development should aim for antidiabetic agents with additional bone-protective effects.