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GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in retinal vascular inflammatory diseases: a review
1Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
Purpose:
Pyroptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed pro-inflammatory cell death. The main signaling pathways include the classical scorch death pathway that depends on NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles and other activation caspase-1 and the non-classical scorch death pathway that depends on caspase-4 /5/11. The substrate of all inflammatory caspases is GSDMD; a large number of studies have confirmed that pyroptosis is associated with certain infectious diseases, atherosclerotic diseases, metabolic diseases, and aseptic inflammatory diseases of important organs. In recent years, pyroptosis has been studied partially in the ocular field. So, this article reviews the recent literature intending to help readers understand the main mechanisms of cellular scorch death and the progress of GSDMD-mediated cellular scorch death in retinal vascular inflammatory diseases.
Method:
A detailed review of the literature related to pyroptosis and inflammatory diseases of the retinal vasculature is presented. The following 6 electronic databases were searched: CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Embase Databases, and the search period was from the database to May 2022. The main search keywords include "Pyroptosis," " GSDMD," "Retinal Vascular Inflammatory Disease," "Diabetic retinopathy," "Retinal vasculitis." The discovery of pyroptosis, the main molecular mechanisms, key proteins, and their pathogenesis and therapeutic prospects in retinal vasculitis diseases are extensively studied and summarized.
Result:
The mechanisms of gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis are elaborated and analyzed, with particular emphasis on their key role and potential in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory retinal vascular lesions.
Conclusion:
Gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis is a well-studied form of programmed pro-inflammatory cell death, which has a bidirectional regulatory effect on a variety of immune and inflammatory diseases. The literature reveals that pyroptosis is closely related to the pathogenesis of retinal vascular inflammatory diseases, and it may be an important therapeutic target for diabetic retinopathy and other retinal vasculitis eye diseases in the future.
Insights
Pyroptosis, a programmed inflammatory cell death involving Gasdermin D (GSDMD), is linked to retinal vascular diseases. Targeting pyroptosis may offer new treatments for conditions like diabetic retinopathy.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Immunology
- Ophthalmology
Background:
- Pyroptosis is a programmed inflammatory cell death pathway.
- Key pathways include classical (NLRP3/caspase-1) and non-classical (caspase-4/5/11) routes.
- Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is the common effector protein in pyroptosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature on pyroptosis mechanisms, particularly GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis.
- To explore the role of pyroptosis in retinal vascular inflammatory diseases.
- To summarize the pathogenesis and therapeutic prospects of pyroptosis in these conditions.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search of 6 electronic databases (CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Cochrane, Embase) up to May 2022.
- Keywords included 'Pyroptosis,' 'GSDMD,' 'Retinal Vascular Inflammatory Disease,' 'Diabetic retinopathy,' and 'Retinal vasculitis.'
- Review and synthesis of findings on pyroptosis mechanisms, pathogenesis, and therapeutic potential.
Main Results:
- Detailed analysis of GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis mechanisms.
- Emphasis on the significant role of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of inflammatory retinal vascular lesions.
- Highlighting the potential therapeutic applications of targeting pyroptosis in these conditions.
Conclusions:
- GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis is a critical inflammatory cell death pathway with bidirectional effects on immune and inflammatory diseases.
- Pyroptosis is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of retinal vascular inflammatory diseases.
- Pyroptosis represents a promising therapeutic target for diabetic retinopathy and other retinal vasculitis conditions.
