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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
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Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
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Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

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[Thyroid and SARS-CoV-2].

Georg Zettinig1,2

  • 1Schilddrüsenpraxis Josefstadt, Laudongasse 12/8, 1080 Wien, Österreich.

Journal Fur Klinische Endokrinologie Und Stoffwechsel
|September 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe COVID-19 infection impacts thyroid hormone levels, signaling a worse prognosis. SARS-CoV-2 can directly affect thyroid cells and trigger autoimmune thyroid diseases like Graves

Keywords:
COVID-19Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis HashimotoGravesʼ diseaseSARS-CoV‑2Thyroid gland

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Context:

  • The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and thyroid function is bidirectional.
  • Thyroid hormone level changes in severe COVID-19 indicate a poorer prognosis.
  • SARS-CoV-2 may directly interact with thyrocytes and modulate the immune system.

Purpose:

  • To summarize current knowledge on the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and the thyroid gland.
  • To review the occurrence of thyroiditis, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, and Graves' disease post-infection and vaccination.

Summary:

  • SARS-CoV-2 associated thyroiditis, often painless, has been reported in COVID-19 patients.
  • Both viral infection and vaccination have been linked to new-onset chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and Graves' disease.
  • Pre-existing thyroid disease does not appear to increase SARS-CoV-2 infection risk or disease severity.

Impact:

  • Highlights the significant impact of SARS-CoV-2 on thyroid health.
  • Informs clinical understanding and management of thyroid dysfunction in the context of COVID-19.
  • Provides a foundation for future research into SARS-CoV-2-induced autoimmune thyroid conditions.