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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Published on: June 9, 2023

Advanced imaging and theranostics in thyroid cancer.

Molly E Roseland^1,2, Yuni K Dewaraja¹, Ka Kit Wong¹

¹Division of Nuclear Medicine.

Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity

|September 7, 2022

Summary

Advanced imaging and theranostic agents are crucial for diagnosing and treating diverse thyroid cancers. Neck ultrasound, radioactive iodine, and PET/CT scans guide personalized management strategies for better patient outcomes.

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Published on: October 11, 2022

Area of Science:

Oncology
Nuclear Medicine
Radiology

Background:

Thyroid cancers encompass diverse endocrine neoplasms with varied gene expression and clinical behaviors.
Accurate diagnosis, staging, and treatment rely heavily on evolving anatomic and functional imaging and theranostic agents.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current role and advancements in imaging and theranostic agents for thyroid cancer management.
To highlight the importance of these tools in diagnosis, staging, and treatment stratification.

Main Methods:

Neck ultrasound with risk stratification (e.g., TI-RADS) for nodule characterization.
Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy and dosimetry for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).
Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using various tracers (I-124, F-18 FDG, Ga-68, Lu-177) for staging and theranostics.

Main Results:

Ultrasound and TI-RADS improve thyroid nodule characterization and management.
RAI remains effective for intermediate-high risk DTC, with ongoing research in dosimetry and redifferentiation for retreatment.
I-124 PET/CT shows promise for DTC staging and dosimetry.
F-18 FDG PET/CT is vital for high-risk DTC staging and detecting non-iodine-avid recurrences.
Poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancers benefit from anatomic imaging and F-18 FDG PET/CT, with emerging theranostic potential for PSMA-targeted agents.
Medullary thyroid cancers utilize various imaging modalities, including PET tracers and potential Lu-177-DOTATATE theranostics.

Conclusions:

Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential for optimizing patient management.
The integration of advanced imaging and novel therapies is critical for addressing the complexity of thyroid cancers.
Personalized medicine approaches, guided by dosimetry and genetic profiling, are increasingly important.