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Related Concept Videos

Sound as Pressure Waves01:17

Sound as Pressure Waves

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Sound waves, which are longitudinal waves, can be modeled as the displacement amplitude varying as a function of the spatial and temporal coordinates. As a column of the medium is displaced, its successive columns are also displaced. As the successive displacements differ relatively, a pressure difference with the surrounding pressure is created. The gauge pressure varies across the medium.
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Sound Waves: Interference00:53

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Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
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Equipotential Surfaces and Conductors01:16

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For a conductor in which all charges are at rest, the conductor's surface is equipotential. The electric field is always perpendicular to equipotential surfaces. Therefore, in a conductor with static charges, the electric field just outside the conductor is always perpendicular to the conductor's surface. Any tangential component of the electric field will cause charges to move inside the conductor, which will violate the electrostatic nature of the system. In an electrostatic...
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Perception of Sound Waves01:01

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The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Traveling Waves: Lossless Lines01:27

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The provided content explores the behavior of traveling waves on single-phase lossless transmission lines. It begins with a single-phase two-wire lossless transmission line of length Δx, characterized by a loop inductance LH/m and a line-to-line capacitance C F/m. These parameters result in a series inductance LΔx  and a shunt capacitance CΔx.
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Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
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Topological sound in two dimensions.

Simon Yves1, Xiang Ni1, Andrea Alù1,2

  • 1Photonics Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|September 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Topology concepts are now applied to sound and mechanical waves. Researchers have demonstrated two-dimensional topological insulators in acoustic metamaterials, enabling new sound control technologies.

Keywords:
acousticselastodynamicsphononicstopological insulatorstopological protection

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Mathematics

Background:

  • Topology studies properties preserved under continuous deformation.
  • Topological band theory explains electronic band structures and topological insulators.
  • Topological insulators exhibit robust boundary transport properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate topological phenomena in classical wave physics.
  • Explore two-dimensional topological insulators for sound and mechanical waves.
  • Demonstrate topological concepts using acoustic metamaterials.

Main Methods:

  • Applying topological band theory to acoustic metamaterials.
  • Designing periodic structures to support phononic topological insulators.
  • Analyzing the emergence of two-dimensional Dirac cones in acoustic systems.

Main Results:

  • Two-dimensional Dirac cones and topological insulators observed in acoustic metamaterials.
  • Topological boundary states demonstrated for sound and mechanical waves.
  • Tabletop platform created for studying topological phenomena in classical waves.

Conclusions:

  • Topological concepts can be realized in acoustic and mechanical systems.
  • Periodic acoustic metamaterials can host phononic topological insulators.
  • This research opens avenues for advanced sound control technologies.