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Shelter Bans Among People Experiencing Homelessness: an Exploratory Study of Predictors in Two Large Canadian
Nick Kerman1, Ri Wang2, Tim Aubry3
1Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada. nick.kerman@camh.ca.
Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine
|September 7, 2022
Summary
Shelter bans disproportionately affect individuals experiencing homelessness who are younger, have criminal justice involvement, or have experienced trauma. These bans can lead to further exclusion from essential services.
Area of Science:
- Social Sciences
- Public Health
- Criminology
Background:
- Emergency shelters are critical for immediate needs of people experiencing homelessness.
- Service bans from shelters are underresearched, potentially leading to exclusion from vital support systems.
- Understanding factors leading to shelter bans is crucial for improving service accessibility.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore factors associated with shelter service bans among individuals experiencing homelessness in Canada.
- To analyze predictors of shelter bans using data from two distinct Canadian studies.
Main Methods:
- Secondary data analysis of two Canadian studies: Housing First (At Home/Chez Soi) and a youth homelessness survey (Without A Home).
- Logistic regression models were employed with comparable predictors across both datasets.
- Exploratory analysis to identify associations between participant characteristics and shelter bans.
Main Results:
- Earlier age of homelessness onset and recent criminal justice involvement were linked to shelter bans in both datasets.
- Specific factors like impulse control, chronic medical conditions, and location (Toronto) predicted bans in one dataset.
- Adverse childhood experiences, victimization, survival sex behaviors, and longer homelessness duration predicted bans in the other dataset.
Conclusions:
- Victimization and criminalization experiences may increase the risk of shelter bans and subsequent exclusion.
- Regional differences suggest limitations of individual-level predictors and highlight systemic factors.
- Further research is needed on shelter ban outcomes, organizational policies, and capacity limits.
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