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Selection on modifiers of genetic architecture under migration load.

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Selection favors modifiers of genetic architecture, like epistasis and dominance, over reduced recombination. Modifier spread depends on genetic factors and local adaptation extent, influencing population differentiation and reproductive isolation.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary genetics
  • Population genetics
  • Quantitative genetics

Background:

  • Gene flow can be costly for populations adapting to different environments, potentially reducing fitness.
  • Selection can favor modifiers of genetic architecture that mitigate these costs, but their strength is not well understood.
  • Previous studies focused on the direction, not magnitude, of selection on modifiers of dispersal, recombination, dominance, and epistasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop methods for quantifying the strength of selection on genetic architecture modifiers in locally adapted populations.
  • To investigate the spread of modifiers affecting dispersal rate, recombination, dominance, and epistasis.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a new deterministic model for the spread of genetic modifiers.
  • Analyzed scenarios with up to five loci contributing to local adaptation.
  • Calculated the strength of selection on modifiers of dispersal, recombination, dominance, and epistasis.

Main Results:

  • Selection on modifiers of epistasis and dominance is stronger than on modifiers of recombination.
  • Selection for reduced recombination rates is generally weak, irrespective of the number of loci involved.
  • The spread of dispersal modifiers depends on the number of loci, epistasis, and the degree of local adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • Modifiers of dominance show stronger selection when unlinked to the modified locus.
  • Findings explain population differentiation and reproductive isolation mechanisms.
  • Provides a benchmark for studying selection on genetic architecture modifiers in finite populations.