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Uncovering a tripartite landmark in posterior cingulate cortex.

Ethan H Willbrand1,2, Benjamin J Parker2, Willa I Voorhies1,2

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Researchers discovered a new brain sulcus, the inframarginal sulcus (ifrms), in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). This sulcus links brain structure to function and varies across species and lifespan.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Comparative anatomy
  • Cognitive neuroscience

Background:

  • Understanding brain structure-function relationships is crucial for neuroscience.
  • The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is a key hub in functional brain networks.
  • Individual differences in brain morphology can predict variations in macroanatomical, microstructural, and functional features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between morphological variations in the PCC and its functional properties.
  • To identify novel sulci within the PCC and their potential functional significance.
  • To explore the developmental and evolutionary aspects of PCC morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Manual labeling of 4511 sulci across 572 hemispheres.
  • Identification and characterization of a novel sulcal feature termed the inframarginal sulcus (ifrms).
  • Meta-analyses integrating data from hundreds of studies and thousands of participants to validate structural-functional coupling.

Main Results:

  • A shallow cortical indentation, the inframarginal sulcus (ifrms), was identified within the PCC.
  • The ifrms is not present in current neuroanatomical atlases but colocalizes with a functional region associated with cognitive control within the lateral frontoparietal network.
  • The structural-functional coupling of the ifrms was confirmed across large-scale meta-analyses.
  • Morphological properties of the ifrms exhibit variations across the lifespan and between hominoid species.

Conclusions:

  • The inframarginal sulcus (ifrms) represents a significant structural landmark in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC).
  • This finding supports the theory that shallow sulci act as landmarks in association cortices.
  • The discovery highlights the potential for overlooked cortical features and their role in brain function, development, and evolution.