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Regulable Supporting Baths for Embedded Printing of Soft Biomaterials with Variable Stiffness.

Qi Li1,2, Liang Ma1,2, Ziqi Gao1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|September 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel bulk gel supporting bath for 3D embedded printing of ultrasoft biomaterials. This easily tunable hydrogel facilitates complex structure fabrication with improved resolution and material compatibility.

Keywords:
3D bioprintingembedded printingprintabilitysoft materialssupporting bath

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • 3D Printing Technology
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Three-dimensional (3D) embedded printing offers a promising approach for fabricating intricate biological structures using ultrasoft biomaterials.
  • Existing bulk gel supporting baths face challenges in property regulation, hindering the advancement of this fabrication technique.
  • Current methods often lack the versatility to accommodate a wide range of bioinks and printing conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel bulk gel supporting bath with easily regulable physical properties for enhanced soft-material fabrication.
  • To overcome the limitations of existing supporting baths in terms of property control and material compatibility.
  • To enable the 3D embedded printing of complex, delicate soft structures with improved precision and versatility.

Main Methods:

  • A new bulk gel supporting bath was formulated using hydrophobic association between hydrophobically modified hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (H-HPMC) and Pluronic F-127 (PF-127).
  • Rheological properties were regulated by adjusting component concentrations, temperature during printing, and post-printing additive incorporation (hydrophobic/hydrophilic).
  • The bath's performance was quantitatively characterized by analyzing printing disturbances, filament morphology, resolution, continuity, and bioink-bath interactions.

Main Results:

  • The developed supporting bath demonstrated easily adjustable rheological properties, enabling compatibility with a wide range of bioinks and printing conditions.
  • The bath facilitated the patterning of low-viscosity bioinks into complex 3D soft structures with tunable compressive moduli (0.5-5 kPa).
  • A novel, condition-independent removal strategy was established, simplifying post-printing processing.

Conclusions:

  • The easily regulable assembled bath is a versatile tool for supporting complex biological structure fabrication via 3D embedded printing.
  • This advancement opens new possibilities for personalized medicine through the precise fabrication of delicate soft materials.
  • The developed hydrogel system addresses key limitations in current bulk gel supporting baths, paving the way for broader applications.