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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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The intrinsic polarity of cells can be primarily attributed to two factors- i) the asymmetric accumulation of mobile components such are regulatory molecules and subcellular components across the cell and ii) the orientation of polar cytoskeletal filaments that make up the cytoskeletal networks, specifically microfilaments, and microtubules arranged along the axis of polarity. Interactions between the cytoskeletal filaments are crucial for the establishment and maintenance of the polar nature...
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Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
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Gate-controlled skyrmion and domain wall chirality.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Magnetic skyrmions are nanoscale chiral spin textures with potential for information storage and processing.
  • Skyrmion chirality, crucial for their dynamics, is typically an intrinsic property determined during material fabrication.
  • Controlling skyrmion chirality dynamically offers new avenues for device applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate gate voltage control over the chirality of magnetic skyrmions and chiral domain walls.
  • To investigate the mechanism behind gate-induced chirality reversal.
  • To explore the potential of this control for novel skyrmion-based electronic devices.

Main Methods:

  • Probing skyrmion and chiral domain wall chirality via their current-induced motion.
  • Applying gate voltage to observe changes in chiral spin texture dynamics.
  • Utilizing micromagnetic simulations to understand the underlying physical processes.
  • Attributing chirality reversal to ionic migration and interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction modulation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated experimental control of skyrmion and chiral domain wall chirality using gate voltage.
  • Observed a reversible reversal of chirality direction under applied gate voltages (2-3 V).
  • Identified ionic migration of oxygen as the cause for the sign inversion of the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction.
  • Micromagnetic simulations confirmed a continuous skyrmion transformation during chirality reversal.

Conclusions:

  • Gate voltage provides a powerful tool for dynamically controlling magnetic skyrmion chirality.
  • The discovered mechanism, involving interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction modulation, is key to this control.
  • This gate-controlled chirality opens possibilities for advanced skyrmion-based logic devices with enhanced functionalities.