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Imaging hydrodynamic electrons flowing without Landauer-Sharvin resistance.

C Kumar1, J Birkbeck1, J A Sulpizio1

  • 1Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

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|September 7, 2022
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Electronic fluids can overcome fundamental resistance limits. This study reveals electron hydrodynamics eliminates bulk Landauer-Sharvin resistance in graphene, paving the way for advanced electronic devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Electrical resistance typically arises from lattice imperfections.
  • The Landauer-Sharvin limit, based on non-interacting electrons and propagating modes, defines a fundamental resistance in perfect lattices, often observed at device contacts.
  • Recent research indicates growing evidence for hydrodynamic electronic phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether electronic fluid behavior can surpass the Landauer-Sharvin resistance limit.
  • To explore the nature of electronic resistance in high-mobility graphene Corbino disks using advanced imaging techniques.
  • To determine the role of electron hydrodynamics in overcoming fundamental conduction limits.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized single-electron-transistor imaging to visualize electronic flow in graphene Corbino disks.
  • Analyzed ballistic electron flow at liquid-helium temperatures to observe bulk Landauer-Sharvin resistance.
  • Investigated hydrodynamic flow at elevated temperatures, accounting for electron-phonon scattering.
  • Observed spiraling magneto-hydrodynamic flows to identify emergent length scales.

Main Results:

  • Observed Landauer-Sharvin resistance distributed in the bulk, not just at contacts, linked to conduction mode gradients.
  • Demonstrated that electron hydrodynamics eliminates this bulk Landauer-Sharvin resistance at higher temperatures.
  • Identified the Gurzhi length, a key emergent scale in hydrodynamic theories, in spiraling magneto-hydrodynamic flows.

Conclusions:

  • Electronic fluids can significantly transcend the limitations imposed by ballistic electrons.
  • Electron hydrodynamics offers a pathway to overcome fundamental resistance limits, with implications for future electronic technologies.
  • The study provides direct imaging evidence of hydrodynamic electronic phenomena and their impact on resistance.