Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Critical Thinking II01:25

Critical Thinking II

2.9K
Critical thinking is a cognitive process with several attributes. The attributes of critical thinking include the following:
2.9K
Inductive Reasoning00:59

Inductive Reasoning

62.0K
Inductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. It is uncertain and operates in degrees to which the conclusions are credible. As such, inductive arguments can be weak or strong, rather than valid or invalid, and conclusions can be used to formulate testable, falsifiable hypotheses.
Inductive reasoning is common in descriptive science. A life scientist makes observations and records them. This data can be qualitative or...
62.0K
Deductive Reasoning01:16

Deductive Reasoning

57.6K
Deductive reasoning, or deduction, is the type of logic used in hypothesis-based science. In deductive reasoning, the pattern of thinking moves in the opposite direction as compared to inductive reasoning, which means that it uses a general principle or law to predict specific results. From those general principles, a scientist can deduce and predict the specific results that would be valid as long as the general principles are valid.
For example, a researcher can deduce specific predictions...
57.6K
Patient-centered Care01:13

Patient-centered Care

2.2K
Patient-centered care involves delivering care beyond inpatient hospitalization. Reflective practice can enhance a patient-centered approach. Reflective practice is a process of reasoning that considers all aspects of the present situation, including practicalities, learning from personal practice, and consideration of patient needs. Patients appreciate care decisions made while considering their input. Involving the patient in their care provides the patient with a sense of contribution rather...
2.2K
Reasoning01:30

Reasoning

123
Reasoning is the action of thinking about something in a logical, sensible way. It is integral to problem-solving, decision-making, and critical thinking. Reasoning can be inductive or deductive. Reasoning involves transforming information into conclusions, which is essential for problem-solving, decision-making, and critical thinking.
Inductive reasoning involves deriving generalizations from specific observations. This type of reasoning helps form beliefs about the world. For example,...
123
Case Studies01:22

Case Studies

11.9K
There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.
11.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

From Zero-Shot to Bedside: A Practical Playbook for Adapting Open-Source Large Language Models to Clinical Symptom Extraction.

Proceedings of machine learning research·2026
Same author

Impact of Radionecrosis and Local Recurrence on Overall Survival After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases.

Advances in radiation oncology·2026
Same author

The Daily Grind.

The New England journal of medicine·2026
Same author

Complexity of Diagnosing Volume Overload.

JAMA·2026
Same author

Case 18-2026: A 53-Year-Old Man with Leg Weakness, Pain, and Weight Loss.

The New England journal of medicine·2026
Same author

Investigating the utility of HR-pQCT for the assessment of joint space and bone mineral density in hand osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis imaging·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2025

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
07:50

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts

Published on: September 20, 2018

16.0K

A Clinical Reasoning-Encoded Case Library Developed through Natural Language Processing.

Travis Zack1,2, Gurpreet Dhaliwal3,4, Rabih Geha3,4

  • 1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. travis.zack@ucsf.edu.

Journal of General Internal Medicine
|September 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study uses natural language processing (NLP) to create a searchable database of clinical case reports, improving medical education and diagnostic reasoning skills for physicians.

Keywords:
artificial intelligencecase-based learningclinical reasoningmedical educationnatural language processing

More Related Videos

Cloud-Based Phrase Mining and Analysis of User-Defined Phrase-Category Association in Biomedical Publications
09:20

Cloud-Based Phrase Mining and Analysis of User-Defined Phrase-Category Association in Biomedical Publications

Published on: February 23, 2019

8.8K
Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
05:47

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems

Published on: June 13, 2025

544

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 29, 2025

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
07:50

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts

Published on: September 20, 2018

16.0K
Cloud-Based Phrase Mining and Analysis of User-Defined Phrase-Category Association in Biomedical Publications
09:20

Cloud-Based Phrase Mining and Analysis of User-Defined Phrase-Category Association in Biomedical Publications

Published on: February 23, 2019

8.8K
Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
05:47

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems

Published on: June 13, 2025

544

Area of Science:

  • Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Medical Informatics

Background:

  • Clinical reasoning instruction relies on case reports, but their searchability by symptoms or diagnoses is limited.
  • Developing computational methods to analyze diagnostic reasoning in case reports can enhance their educational utility.

Observation:

  • A "reasoning-encoded" case database was developed using natural language processing (NLP) on 2525 New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) Clinical Pathological Conference (CPC) cases (1965-2020).
  • NLP identified 12 categories of medical terms and their relationships, extracting 43,291 symptoms and 6532 diagnoses.
  • A measure of differential diagnosis similarity between cases was derived, and a website was created for exploring the data.

Findings:

  • NLP algorithms successfully identified clinically relevant categories reflecting relationships between medical terms, including symptoms, signs, pathophysiology, and diagnoses.
  • The analysis revealed patterns in how expert clinicians construct differential diagnoses.
  • The developed database provides a novel way to explore diagnostic reasoning across a large case series.

Implications:

  • This reasoning-encoded database offers insights into expert diagnostic processes, aiding clinicians in correlating disease categories.
  • Clinician-educators can use this resource to design case-based curricula.
  • Physicians can leverage the database for self-directed lifelong learning to enhance diagnostic skills.