Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
10:59

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

3.7K

The role of DNA damage repair (DDR) system in response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy

Congqi Shi1,2, Kaiyu Qin1,3, Anqi Lin1

  • 1Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR
|September 7, 2022
PubMed

Insights

DNA damage repair (DDR) inhibitors combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) show improved cancer treatment efficacy. This study reviews biomarkers predicting response to ICIs and explores combination therapy mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Increasing understanding of DNA damage repair (DDR) mechanisms reveals their impact on the immune system.
  • Varied patient responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy necessitate the discovery of predictive biomarkers and combination therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore interactions in combination therapy for cancer treatment.
  • To review current and potential predictors of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
  • To illustrate how combining DDR inhibitors (DDRi) with ICIs enhances treatment efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of DDR mechanisms and immune system interactions.
  • Analysis of predictive biomarkers for ICI response.
  • Exploration of immunogenicity and tumor immune microenvironment components.

Main Results:

  • Identified interactions in DDR inhibitor and ICI combination therapy.
  • Summarized current and promising biomarkers for predicting ICI response.
  • Illustrated mechanisms for improved efficacy of combined DDRi and ICIs.

Conclusions:

  • Combination therapy with DDR inhibitors and ICIs offers enhanced cancer treatment efficacy.
  • Understanding immunogenicity and the tumor microenvironment is crucial for optimizing combination strategies.
  • Biomarker discovery is key for patient stratification and personalized oncology treatment.
Keywords:
ATM/ATR/Chk1DNA damage repairDNA damage repair inhibitorsImmune checkpoint blockadeImmune checkpoint inhibitorcGAS/STING

More Related Videos

Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy08:31

Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.2K
Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells09:04

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

641

Related Concept Videos

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:37

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
9.3K
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:37

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

2.7K
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
31.4K
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
643
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
6.7K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
1.2K