Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern from Hospitalized Pneumonia Patients in National Referral Infectious Disease
Pompini Agustina Sitompul1, Roza Indriani1, Adria Rusli1
1Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso National Infectious Disease Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jakarta 14340, Indonesia.
Background:
Pneumonia is still a major global problem with high morbidity and mortality. The increasing number of pneumonia cases caused by bacteria, especially multidrug-resistant pathogens, increasing age of the population, patients with chronic disease (comorbid), and inappropriate antimicrobial therapy at initial administration make the treatment become less effective. These issues finally contribute to higher morbidity and mortality in cases of hospitalized pneumonia patients. Therefore, it is crucial to know the microbial pattern and select the therapy according to local antimicrobial sensitivity patterns.
Method:
A cross-sectional study was conducted for hospitalized pneumonia patients between January 2015 and December 2016 in Indonesia National Referral Infectious Disease Hospital. Data were collected from medical records to show patient characteristics, antimicrobial treatment data, culture examination, and bacterial sensitivity.
Results:
A total of 99 pneumonia patients required hospitalization and underwent sputum culture examination. The patients were mostly above 65 years old (32.3%) and male (57.6%). The most common comorbidities were pulmonary tuberculosis (21%), and the others were heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and HIV/AIDS. Based on the sputum culture, fungi were identified in most specimens (56%), while the bacteria identified were Klebsiella pneumoniae (14%), Acinetobacter sp. (12%), and Pseudomonas sp. (8%). Third-generation cephalosporin, such as ceftriaxone (50%), was commonly used as an antibiotic for pneumonia treatment.
Conclusion:
Most common bacteria isolated from sputum culture were Klebsiella pneumoniae which were more sensitive to the beta-lactam and aminoglycoside groups. The higher risk factors were age above 65 years old, being male, and having tuberculosis.
Insights
Hospitalized pneumonia patients, particularly those over 65, male, or with tuberculosis, showed Klebsiella pneumoniae as the most common bacteria. This pathogen demonstrated sensitivity to beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Pneumonia remains a significant global health challenge with high morbidity and mortality rates.
- Increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens and comorbidities complicates pneumonia treatment.
- Effective management necessitates understanding local microbial patterns and antimicrobial sensitivity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the microbial patterns and antimicrobial sensitivity in hospitalized pneumonia patients in Indonesia.
- To identify risk factors associated with pneumonia in the studied population.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study was conducted on 99 hospitalized pneumonia patients from January 2015 to December 2016.
- Data collection included patient demographics, comorbidities, antimicrobial therapy, sputum culture, and bacterial sensitivity testing.
Main Results:
- The majority of patients were over 65 years old (32.3%) and male (57.6%).
- Common comorbidities included pulmonary tuberculosis (21%), heart failure, COPD, and HIV/AIDS.
- Fungi were prevalent (56%), with bacteria including Klebsiella pneumoniae (14%), Acinetobacter sp. (12%), and Pseudomonas sp. (8%).
- Third-generation cephalosporins like ceftriaxone were frequently used (50%).
Conclusions:
- Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common bacterium, showing sensitivity to beta-lactam and aminoglycoside groups.
- Risk factors for pneumonia included advanced age (>65), male gender, and tuberculosis.
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