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Bidirectional mRNA transfer between Cuscuta australis and its hosts.

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Dodder plants transfer mRNA to host plants like citrus and periwinkle. This bidirectional mRNA exchange, more frequent in periwinkle, impacts plant development and stress responses, revealing novel RNA-based interactions.

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Cuscuta australisRNA-seqmRNAs transferperiwinkle [Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don]sweet orange (Citrus sinensis “Newhall”)

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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • Plant-parasite interactions
  • Transcriptomics

Background:

  • Holoparasitic dodder (Cuscuta spp.) can transfer mRNA and pathogens between host plants.
  • Previous research indicated dodder mediates citrus Huanglongbing pathogen transfer.
  • The specifics of mRNA transport between dodder and its hosts remained largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize mRNA transfer between dodder and its host plants, citrus (Citrus sinensis) and periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus).
  • To investigate the directionality and frequency of mRNA exchange.
  • To understand the functional roles of transferred mRNAs in host-parasite interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptome sequencing of dodder and its host plants (sweet orange and periwinkle).
  • Bioinformatic analysis to identify and compare transferred mRNA sequences.
  • Functional classification of transferred mRNAs based on gene ontology.

Main Results:

  • Bidirectional mRNA transfer was observed between dodder and both citrus and periwinkle, primarily at the interface tissue.
  • mRNA transfer was more frequent in the periwinkle-dodder system compared to the citrus-dodder system.
  • Transferred mRNAs were enriched in functions related to secondary metabolism, stress response, development (shoot, flower), and signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Dodder actively transfers its own mRNAs (e.g., MIP aquaporin, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase 1) to hosts, potentially influencing host physiology.
  • Host plants also transfer mRNAs to dodder, particularly those involved in reproduction (seed germination, flower development), benefiting the parasite.
  • This study elucidates the significant role of RNA-based communication in dodder-host plant interactions.