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Related Experiment Video

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Using passive or active back-support exoskeletons during a repetitive lifting task: influence on cardiorespiratory

M Schwartz1,2, K Desbrosses3, J Theurel3

  • 1Working Life Department, French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), 1 Rue du Morvan, 54500, Vandœuvre-Les-Nancy, France. mathilde.schwartz@inrs.fr.

European Journal of Applied Physiology
|September 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Back-support exoskeletons significantly reduce physical workload during repetitive lifting tasks. Both passive and active exoskeletons lowered oxygen consumption, with active models showing greater benefits for cardiorespiratory health.

Keywords:
Heart rateOxygen consumptionSexWearable assistive devicesWorkload

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Area of Science:

  • Ergonomics and Human Factors
  • Occupational Health and Safety
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Repetitive lifting tasks pose significant physical demands on workers, particularly affecting cardiorespiratory systems.
  • Back-support exoskeletons are emerging technologies designed to mitigate physical strain during occupational lifting.
  • Understanding the comparative cardiorespiratory effects of different exoskeleton types is crucial for optimizing workplace safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the cardiorespiratory impact of passive and active back-support exoskeletons during a standardized repetitive lifting task.
  • To compare the physiological responses (oxygen consumption, cardiac cost) across different exoskeleton conditions and a no-exoskeleton control.

Main Methods:

  • A laboratory study involving 27 participants (14 women, 13 men) performing a 5-minute, 10kg repetitive stoop lifting task.
  • Four conditions were tested: no exoskeleton (FREE), passive exoskeleton (P-EXO), and two active exoskeletons (A-EXO1, A-EXO2).
  • Continuous measurement of oxygen consumption rate and cardiac cost (heart rate) was conducted for each condition.

Main Results:

  • All tested exoskeletons significantly reduced oxygen consumption compared to the FREE condition (12.6 ml/kg/min).
  • Active exoskeleton A-EXO1 demonstrated the most significant reduction in oxygen consumption (9.1 ml/kg/min) and cardiac cost (45.1 bpm).
  • No significant interaction was found between exoskeleton use and participant sex, indicating consistent benefits for both men and women.

Conclusions:

  • Back-support exoskeletons, particularly active designs like A-EXO1, effectively reduce the cardiorespiratory workload during repetitive lifting.
  • Factors such as technology type (passive vs. active), torque, system weight, and anthropomorphism influence exoskeleton efficacy.
  • The study confirms that these exoskeletons can lower physical strain for both male and female workers in repetitive lifting scenarios.