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Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2025

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

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Age differences in the recovery from interruptions.

Pablo Morales1, Melissa E Moss1, Ulrich Mayr1

  • 1Department of Psychology.

Psychology and Aging
|September 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Older adults experience prolonged recovery from task interruptions compared to younger adults. This age-related deficit in cognitive control is linked to aging, not working memory capacity.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Interruptions disrupt cognitive tasks, requiring task-set reconfiguration.
  • Age-related differences in cognitive control are well-documented.
  • Working memory plays a crucial role in maintaining task focus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related deficits in recovery from task interruptions.
  • To examine the role of working memory capacity in these deficits.
  • To explore age differences in task-set selection and control.

Main Methods:

  • Compared young (N=94) and old (N=95) adults performing primary tasks (endogenous/exogenous cues) interrupted by math tasks.
  • Measured recovery costs after interruptions.

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  • Analyzed individual differences in working memory capacity.

    • Main Results:

    • Older adults exhibited significantly increased and prolonged recovery costs post-interruption.
    • Age-related deficits were specific to aging, not working memory capacity.
    • A paradoxical cost asymmetry (interruption costs) was more pronounced in older adults.

    Conclusions:

    • Aging impairs the ability to re-establish task focus after interruptions.
    • Working memory capacity does not fully explain age-related interruption deficits.
    • Findings offer insights into age differences in cognitive control and task management.