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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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An experiment is a planned activity carried out under controlled conditions. The purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two variables. When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the explanatory or independent variable. The affected variable is called the response or dependent variable. In a randomized experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The...
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Community-based interventions in mental health represent a paradigm shift from institution-centered care to treatments embedded within the fabric of local communities. By prioritizing inclusion and leveraging existing societal structures, this approach fosters a supportive environment conducive to addressing mental health challenges while promoting individual dignity and agency.
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Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design
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Tailored visuals, implementation interventions, and sun safe behavior: A longitudinal message experiment.

Jakob D Jensen1, Bridget G Parsons2, Elizabeth S Nagelhout2

  • 1Department of Communication, University of Utah.

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|September 8, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tailored ultraviolet (UV) photographs effectively reduced tanning behaviors in adolescents compared to standard interventions. This visual approach influenced perceptions of tanning benefits and fear, leading to safer sun practices long-term.

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Area of Science:

  • Health Communication
  • Behavioral Science
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Communicating skin cancer risk often involves ultraviolet (UV) photographs.
  • Tailored UV visuals, showing the individual, may be more impactful than stock images.
  • Longitudinal research is needed to compare tailored UV photos with other sun safety interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the longitudinal impact of tailored UV photographs versus stock UV photographs and an implementation intervention on adolescent tanning behavior.
  • To compare the persuasive effectiveness of different visual and intervention strategies for promoting sun safety.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal experiment with 654 high school students (ages 14-18) in Utah.
  • Interventions included stock and tailored UV photographs or stock UV photographs with an implementation intervention.
  • Data collected at pretest, posttest, and 1-month follow-up, measuring fear, norms, self-efficacy, reactance, and tanning behavior.

Main Results:

  • Tailored UV photographs increased fear and freedom threat, and decreased perceived appearance benefits of tanning.
  • Participants exposed to tailored UV photographs showed reduced outdoor tanning behavior at 1-month follow-up.
  • Indirect effects showed tailored UV reduced tanning via appearance benefits and increased tanning when fear triggered reactance.

Conclusions:

  • Tailored UV visuals are effective in influencing lay reactions and promoting sun-safe behaviors.
  • Findings contribute to understanding the indirect effects of affect and cognition in health interventions.
  • The study highlights the utility of tailored visuals in skin cancer prevention efforts.