Implications at the ocular level of miRNAs modifications induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic determined the use of different research methods and investigations in the management of this novel infectious disease. The impact and development of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at cellular level is still a challenge and many directions of investigation have been opened, a complex topic that has been explored is the bidirectional interaction between host micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) and viral miRNA. The main point of this study is to analyze the transcriptional modifications induced by the viral infection at ocular level, mediated by miRNAs. It is known that the ocular transmission is a route of infection, and it can cause multiple neuro-ophthalmological manifestations, such as optic nerve dysfunction, eye movement abnormalities, oscillopsia and intracranial hypertension. We have managed to identify more than six miRNAs specifically involved in eye disorders that are strongly dysregulated by the SARS-CoV-2. These miRNAs regulate different pathways, such as the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, the expression of complement factor H (CFH) gene, the expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) genes. In the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, many more molecular changes at ocular level need to be elucidated to better understanding the COVID-19.