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PropelWalker: A Leg-Based Wearable System With Propeller-Based Force Feedback for Walking in Fluids in VR.

Pingchuan Ke, Shaoyu Cai, Haichen Gao

    IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
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    PropelWalker is a novel haptic device for virtual reality (VR) that simulates walking in different fluids. This calf-worn system uses airflow to generate realistic forces, enhancing user presence and immersion.

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    Area of Science:

    • Virtual Reality (VR)
    • Haptic Feedback
    • Human-Computer Interaction

    Background:

    • Simulating real-world walking in virtual reality (VR) across diverse fluid mediums remains a significant challenge.
    • Existing haptic interfaces struggle to accurately replicate the complex forces encountered when interacting with different materials.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce PropelWalker, a pair of calf-worn haptic devices designed to simulate buoyancy and resistant forces in VR.
    • To evaluate the technical performance and user perception of the PropelWalker system for realistic haptic feedback.

    Main Methods:

    • PropelWalker utilizes four ducted fans (two per calf) to control airflow strength and direction in real-time.
    • Technical evaluations measured force generation capabilities (up to 27N, 0.85s response time) and force stability.
    • Three user perception studies assessed just-noticeable-difference (JND) for airflow force, distinguishability of simulated mediums, and impact on VR presence.

    Main Results:

    • PropelWalker can generate vertical forces up to 27N in both upward and downward directions within 0.85 seconds.
    • The system demonstrated stable force maintenance with minimal turbulence.
    • Users could distinguish four simulated walking mediums (dry ground, water, mud, sand) with 94.2% accuracy and reported significantly improved VR presence.

    Conclusions:

    • PropelWalker effectively simulates the forces associated with walking in various fluid mediums in VR.
    • The system enhances the sense of presence and immersion for users in virtual environments.
    • This haptic device offers a promising solution for more realistic and engaging VR experiences.