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Self-segregation in heterogeneous metapopulation landscapes.

Jean-François de Kemmeter1, Timoteo Carletti1, Malbor Asllani2

  • 1naXys, Namur Institute for Complex Systems, & Department of Mathematics, University of Namur, rue Grafé, 2 B5000, Belgium.

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|September 8, 2022
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Summary

This study introduces a self-segregation model revealing how habitat patchiness emerges, creating isolated populations. This mechanism explains niche vacancy and habitat fragmentation, impacting species distribution and speciation.

Keywords:
Ecological landscapesFragmented habitatsHeterogeneous networksPopulation dynamicsVacant habitat patches

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Theoretical Biology
  • Computational Ecology

Background:

  • Population dynamics are driven by complex interactions and spatial distribution across ecological niches.
  • Neutral models challenge the traditional niche paradigm due to inherent randomness in complex systems.
  • Understanding spatial structuring is crucial for ecological and evolutionary processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a network-inspired metapopulation individual-based model (IBM) called self-segregation.
  • To investigate how individual density and landscape structure influence spatial population dynamics.
  • To explore the emergence of vacant habitat patches and population segregation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a network-inspired metapopulation individual-based model (IBM).
  • Simulated population dynamics driven by individual density and habitat patch saturation.
  • Analyzed the impact of core-periphery landscape structure on population distribution.

Main Results:

  • The self-segregation model demonstrates spontaneous emergence of vacant habitat patches.
  • A core-periphery landscape structure leads to population segregation into isolated sub-communities.
  • Quantization effects in vacant patches were observed with continuous system mass variation, showing robust population distributions.
  • The model successfully reproduces patch vacancy patterns observed in the Glanville fritillary butterfly.

Conclusions:

  • The model supports the niche vacancy concept and proposes endogenous habitat fragmentation.
  • Spontaneous habitat fragmentation can drive peripatric speciation.
  • The self-segregation model offers a novel mechanism for understanding population structuring and ecological dynamics.