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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
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Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
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[Amyloid goitre, a benign entity with fast growth].

Ana Ferrer-Gómez1, Héctor Pian Arias1, María Eugenia Reguero Callejas1

  • 1Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España.

Revista Espanola De Patologia : Publicacion Oficial De La Sociedad Espanola De Anatomia Patologica Y De La Sociedad Espanola De Citologia
|September 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Amyloid goitre, a rare benign condition, causes rapid thyroid enlargement due to amyloid deposits. This can lead to breathing and swallowing difficulties, especially in patients with chronic diseases.

Keywords:
AmiloideAmyloidAmyloid goitreBocio amiloideCongo RedRojo CongoThyroidTiroides

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Amyloid goitre is a rare benign thyroid condition.
  • It involves rapid thyroid enlargement from amyloid deposition.
  • Symptoms include dyspnea, dysphagia, and dysphonia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present three cases of amyloid goitre.
  • To estimate the incidence of amyloid goitre.
  • To describe the morphology and associated conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Case series analysis.
  • Histopathological examination of thyroid tissue.
  • Review of patient medical history.

Main Results:

  • Three cases of amyloid goitre were diagnosed.
  • Morphology showed thyroid follicles, adipose tissue, and amyloid.
  • AA amyloid accumulation was confirmed, linked to Crohn's disease, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic renal disease.
  • One case had papillary microcarcinoma.

Conclusions:

  • Amyloid goitre is infrequent but important in goitre differential diagnosis.
  • Consider amyloid goitre in patients with chronic underlying diseases.
  • Early diagnosis is crucial for managing associated symptoms and conditions.