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Oligonucleotides Isolation and Separation-A Review on Adsorbent Selection.

Sylwia Studzińska1, Łukasz Nuckowski1, Bogusław Buszewski1

  • 1Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 9, 2022
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Summary

This review critically examines adsorbents for oligonucleotide separation and isolation, covering silica, polymers, and magnetic nanoparticles used in liquid chromatography and solid phase extraction over the last 20 years.

Keywords:
antisense oligonucleotidesbiotransformation productshydrophobicimpuritiesion-exchange groupspolarsolid support

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Oligonucleotides are crucial in molecular biology techniques like PCR and DNA sequencing.
  • Their diagnostic and therapeutic potential in areas like antisense therapy necessitates effective isolation methods.
  • Existing reviews focus on separation techniques or sample preparation, but lack critical analysis of adsorbents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of adsorbents used in oligonucleotide separation and isolation.
  • To critically analyze supports like silica, polymers, and magnetic nanoparticles and their modifications.
  • To cover various adsorption mechanisms including reversed-phase, ion-exchange, polar, and oligonucleotide-based interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications from the last twenty years.
  • Focus on adsorbents used in liquid chromatography and solid phase extraction.
  • Categorization of adsorbents based on support material and surface modification.

Main Results:

  • Detailed discussion of silica, polymer, and magnetic nanoparticle supports and their functionalizations.
  • Analysis of reversed-phase (alkyl, aromatic, cholesterol, mixed ligands) adsorbents.
  • Overview of ion-exchange (strong, weak), polar (silica, polyhydroxy, amide, zwitterionic), and oligonucleotide-based adsorbents.

Conclusions:

  • Highlights the importance of adsorbent selection for efficient oligonucleotide separation and isolation.
  • Identifies trends and advancements in adsorbent materials over the past two decades.
  • Provides a valuable resource for researchers developing oligonucleotide-based diagnostics and therapeutics.