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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Is Melanoma Progression Affected by Thyroid Diseases?

Salvatore Ulisse1, Enke Baldini1, Daniele Pironi1

  • 1Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Hypothyroidism may promote melanoma spread, suggesting thyroid hormones protect against cancer progression. Further research into the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis hormones

Keywords:
BRAF mutationscancerestrogenmelanomapapillary thyroid cancerthyroid diseasesthyroid hormone

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Dermatology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Clinical and epidemiological data suggest a link between thyroid diseases and melanoma.
  • Hypothyroidism appears to facilitate melanoma progression, implying a protective role for thyroid hormones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of thyroid hormones and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis on melanoma cell behavior.
  • To explore potential molecular mechanisms underlying the HPT axis's effect on melanoma.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical and epidemiological evidence.
  • Analysis of experimental data on hormonal effects on melanoma cells.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests thyroid hormones may inhibit melanoma spread.
  • Hormonal components of the HPT axis, including thyrotropin-releasing hormone and thyrotropin, may influence melanoma cell behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The HPT axis hormones likely play a role in melanoma progression.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate molecular mechanisms for improved patient management.