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Related Concept Videos

Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

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Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
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Teratogenicity01:07

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

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The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Assessment of Maternal Vascular Remodeling During Pregnancy in the Mouse Uterus
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Galectins: Important Regulators in Normal and Pathologic Pregnancies.

Min Chen1, Jia-Lu Shi1, Zi-Meng Zheng1

  • 1Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Galectins are key proteins in pregnancy, regulating immune tolerance and placental development. Their dysregulation is linked to pregnancy complications, highlighting their clinical importance.

Keywords:
fetal growth restrictiongalectingestational diabetes mellitusmaternal–fetal interfacepathologic pregnancypreeclampsiapreterm birth

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Glycobiology

Background:

  • Galectins (Gal) are proteins binding galactosides, crucial for cellular processes.
  • They play roles in immune responses and reproductive immunology.
  • Galectins are highly expressed at the maternal-fetal interface, impacting pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review galectin regulatory mechanisms in normal and pathological pregnancies.
  • To highlight the role of galectins in embryo implantation and pregnancy maintenance.
  • To discuss the clinical implications for pregnancy-related diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of galectin functions in human reproduction.
  • Analysis of galectin involvement in maternal-fetal immune tolerance, angiogenesis, and trophoblast invasion.
  • Examination of galectin dysregulation in pathological pregnancy conditions.

Main Results:

  • Galectins are vital for maternal-fetal immune tolerance, placental development, and successful pregnancy.
  • Dysregulation of galectins is associated with preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, fetal growth restriction, and preterm birth.
  • Galectins are implicated in embryo implantation and maintaining pregnancy.

Conclusions:

  • Galectins are critical mediators of successful pregnancy.
  • Understanding galectin regulation offers potential for preventing and treating pregnancy disorders.
  • Further research into galectins can advance reproductive medicine and clinical practice.