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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Rapid Peak Cilta-cel Expansion is Associated with Delayed Neurotoxicity in Multiple Myeloma.

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Real-World Outcomes with BCMA- and GPRC5D-Targeting Bispecific Antibodies in Plasma Cell Leukemia.

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Healthcare resource utilization and costs in patients with multiple myeloma administered ciltacabtagene autoleucel in outpatient versus inpatient settings after one to three prior lines of therapy.

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Updated: Aug 29, 2025

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Multiple Myeloma Therapy: Emerging Trends and Challenges.

Danai Dima1,2,3, Dongxu Jiang1,2, Divya Jyoti Singh1,2

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Cancers
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Multiple myeloma (MM) remains largely incurable despite advances. New targeted therapies and immunotherapies are crucial for overcoming drug resistance and treating relapsed or refractory MM.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy driven by abnormal plasma cell proliferation.
  • Current treatments offer limited durable efficacy, with most patients experiencing relapse.
  • Drug resistance and genetic heterogeneity contribute to refractory MM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of current and future MM treatment strategies.
  • To highlight challenges in translating recent therapeutic advances into clinical practice.
  • To discuss the potential of emerging preclinical research for MM treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current and emerging MM therapies.
  • Analysis of mechanisms driving drug resistance and relapse in MM.
  • Evaluation of preclinical research findings in MM.

Main Results:

  • Standard therapies show limited durable efficacy, leading to relapse.
  • Drug resistance and clonal heterogeneity are key challenges in refractory MM.
  • Gaps exist in translating targeted therapy and immunotherapy advances.

Conclusions:

  • Innovative approaches are urgently needed for heterogeneous MM populations.
  • Targeted therapies and immunotherapies show promise but require further development.
  • Emerging preclinical research offers potential for future MM treatment strategies.