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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeting Cellular Components of the Tumor Microenvironment in Solid Malignancies.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Cancers involve transformed cells interacting with the tumor microenvironment (TME), comprising healthy cells and stromal tissue.
  • The TME significantly influences tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance.
  • Malignant cells actively shape the TME to be immune-suppressive and tumor-promoting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cellular and extracellular components of the TME.
  • To discuss the dynamics and functionality of TME components in cancer.
  • To provide an outlook on clinical data from novel TME-targeting agents, focusing on T lymphocytes, macrophages, and cancer-associated fibroblasts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of tumor-TME interactions.
  • Analysis of molecular characterization data.
  • Examination of clinical data for TME-targeting agents.

Main Results:

  • The TME plays a critical role in cancer progression and therapy resistance.
  • Immune cells are recruited to tumors and their function is altered.
  • Novel therapies targeting TME components, like immune checkpoint blockers (ICB), show promise but face resistance.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of cancer-TME interactions is still needed.
  • Targeting specific TME components offers a promising avenue for novel anti-cancer therapies.
  • Further research into T lymphocytes, macrophages, and cancer-associated fibroblasts within the TME is essential.