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Physical Agent-Based Treatments for Overactive Bladder: A Review.

Nurida Khasanah1,2, Hung-Yen Chin3,4, Chih-Wei Peng1,5,6,7,8

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Overactive bladder (OAB) significantly impacts quality of life, with physical therapies like neuromodulation offering effective, low-side-effect treatment options for refractory cases. Further research into light and shock-based therapies is ongoing.

Keywords:
electrical stimulationlaserlow-intensity shock energymagnetic stimulationneuromodulationoveractive bladderphysical-based agent

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Background:

  • Overactive bladder (OAB) affects nearly 20% of the global population, causing urgency, frequency, and nocturia.
  • Current treatments include behavioral modifications, medications, and surgery, but refractory cases remain a challenge.
  • Pathophysiology involves peripheral autonomic and sensory receptors, suggesting a role for physical interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of physical agent-based treatments for overactive bladder (OAB).
  • To highlight the efficacy and safety of neuromodulation techniques.
  • To explore emerging physical therapies for OAB management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on physical agent-based therapies for OAB.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms, efficacy, and safety of electrical and magnetic stimulation.
  • Investigation into novel physical therapies, including light and shock wave energy.

Main Results:

  • Neuromodulation, including electrical and magnetic stimulation, is established as a third-line therapy for OAB.
  • These physical modalities demonstrate effectiveness with minimal side effects compared to other treatments.
  • Emerging physical therapies using light and shock energy show promise for OAB treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Physical agent-based treatments, particularly neuromodulation, represent a significant advancement in managing refractory overactive bladder (OAB).
  • These therapies offer a viable alternative with favorable safety profiles.
  • Continued investigation into diverse physical modalities is crucial for optimizing patient care in OAB.