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Relation Between Tensile Strength and Compressive Strength of Concrete01:30

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Concrete is a fundamental building material, and understanding its strengths is crucial for construction projects. The relationship between its tensile and compressive strengths is intricate, showing that while these strengths are related, they do not increase at the same rate. Tensile strength's growth is slower and is affected by various factors such as the methods used for testing, the size and shape of the specimen, the texture of the aggregate used, and the moisture content of the...
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Behavior of Concrete Under Compressive Load01:23

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Concrete exhibits specific behaviors under different compressive loads. Understanding this is crucial for understanding its structural integrity. When concrete undergoes uniaxial compression, it tends to develop cracks that run parallel to the direction of the force. These parallel cracks stem from localized tensile stresses that occur perpendicular to the compression direction. Additionally, angled cracks may appear due to the formation of shear planes.
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Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete01:16

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The dynamic modulus of elasticity assesses how a concrete structure deforms under impact or dynamic loads. It is typically higher than the static modulus of elasticity, measured under slow, steady loading conditions.
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Air content measurement in concrete is critical for ensuring structural integrity and durability of concrete structures, especially in environments prone to severe weather conditions. Accurate air content analysis optimizes concrete's resistance to freeze-thaw cycles and enhances its workability and strength. Several methods are standardized under ASTM guidelines to measure the air content in fresh concrete, each suitable for different concrete types and conditions.
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Impact Strength of Concrete01:21

Impact Strength of Concrete

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Impact strength in concrete is a critical measure that reflects the material's capability to endure the forces applied during pile driving and when supporting machinery foundations that experience impulsive loads. It is also essential when handling precast concrete components to prevent accidental damage. The impact strength is assessed by observing the concrete's resistance to repeated impacts and energy absorption capacity. A key indicator of significant damage to concrete is when it...
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Non-destructive Tests for Concrete Strength01:12

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The rebound hammer test, also known as the Schmidt hammer test, is a non-destructive technique for evaluating the hardness of concrete and, indirectly, the strength of concrete. It operates on the principle that the rebound of a spring-driven mass from a concrete surface correlates to the surface's hardness. The device comprises a mass within a tubular housing, a spring mechanism, and a plunger that strikes the concrete. Upon release, the energy imparted to the mass by the spring causes it...
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Prediction Models for Estimating Compressive Strength of Concrete Made of Manufactured Sand Using Gene Expression

Kaffayatullah Khan1, Babatunde Abiodun Salami2, Arshad Jamal3

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a gene expression programming (GEP) model to predict the compressive strength of manufactured sand concrete (MSC). The best model accurately estimated concrete strength, identifying key influencing factors like water-cement ratio and curing period.

Keywords:
compressive strengthconcretegene expression programingmanufactured sand

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Area of Science:

  • Civil Engineering and Materials Science
  • Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning

Background:

  • Depletion of natural river sand resources necessitates alternatives like manufactured sand in construction.
  • Accurate prediction of manufactured sand concrete (MSC) properties is crucial for its effective utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a predictive model for the compressive strength of manufactured sand concrete (MSC).
  • To identify the most influential input variables affecting MSC compressive strength using gene expression programming (GEP).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a database of 275 experimental results with 11 input variables (e.g., cement properties, aggregate characteristics, mix proportions).
  • Employed gene expression programming (GEP) to create and optimize predictive models (M1-M11) for MSC compressive strength.
  • Evaluated model performance using root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R2).

Main Results:

  • The M5 model demonstrated superior performance with R2 values of 0.919 (training) and 0.906 (testing).
  • GEP identified cement compressive strength, cement tensile strength, curing period, water-binder ratio, water-cement ratio, and stone powder content as significant factors.
  • Sensitivity analysis revealed water-cement ratio (46.22%), curing period (25.43%), and stone powder content (13.55%) as the most influential variables.

Conclusions:

  • Gene expression programming provides a reliable method for predicting the compressive strength of manufactured sand concrete.
  • The developed GEP model accurately reflects experimental data, offering a valuable tool for concrete mix design.
  • Understanding the influence of key parameters like water-cement ratio is vital for optimizing MSC performance.