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Brick durability, strength, and appearance are crucial factors in construction, influencing the choice of bricks for specific applications. The process of freeze-thaw, for instance, significantly affects brick durability. This phenomenon occurs when water absorbed by a brick expands as it freezes, potentially causing damage when it melts and refreezes. Bricks are graded for durability: SW-grade bricks are the most durable, offering high strength and low water absorption, followed by MW-grade...
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Summary

This study predicts the durability of solid-fired bricks for historical building restoration. Non-destructive electroacoustic methods identify internal defects, classifying bricks by their resistance to weathering and freeze cycles.

Keywords:
defects in the internal structuremachine learningmaterial durabilitynon-destructive testingresonant pulse methodsolid fired brick

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Conservation Science

Background:

  • Historical buildings and monuments rely heavily on brickwork, contributing significantly to urban historical and artistic character.
  • Assessing ceramic products often prioritizes mechanical properties over durability, neglecting crucial resistance to weathering.
  • The durability of masonry elements is as vital as their mechanical strength for preserving historical structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To predict the durability of solid-fired bricks before their use in reconstructing historical buildings and monuments.
  • To identify internal material defects, often invisible and difficult to detect, that impact brick durability.
  • To establish a method for predicting brick durability based on non-destructive measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized non-destructive electroacoustic methods, specifically the resonant pulse and ultrasonic pulse methods.
  • Assessed initial and residual mechanical properties of bricks after subjecting them to freezing cycles.
  • Analyzed internal structural defects to correlate with material degradation.

Main Results:

  • Developed a method to predict brick durability (lifetime) in freeze cycles.
  • Identified four distinct durability classes for solid-fired bricks based on their performance.
  • Established a link between internal defects and the material's resistance to weathering.

Conclusions:

  • Non-destructive electroacoustic methods can effectively predict the durability of solid-fired bricks.
  • Durability assessment is crucial for selecting appropriate materials for historical building reconstruction.
  • This research provides a valuable tool for the long-term preservation of architectural heritage.