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Structural Steel Products

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Structural steel products are created within a structural mill. The process begins with a beam blank that is reheated and then fed through a series of rollers. These rollers progressively shape the metal into its final form. Adjusting the spacings between the rollers allows for the production of different sections with the same nominal dimensions.
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Production of Single Tracks of Ti-6Al-4V by Directed Energy Deposition to Determine the Layer Thickness for Multilayer Deposition

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Tailoring Titanium Sheet Metal Using Laser Metal Deposition to Improve Room Temperature Single-Point Incremental

Michael McPhillimy¹, Evgenia Yakushina², Paul Blackwell^1,2

¹Department of Design, Manufacturing & Engineering Management, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XJ, Scotland, UK.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|September 9, 2022

Summary

Laser metal deposition (LMD) locally thickened titanium sheets, improving thickness homogeneity during single-point incremental forming (SPIF). However, this additive approach led to premature fracture in high wall angle sections.

Keywords:

Titanium additive manufacture incremental forming sheet metal

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Manufacturing Engineering
Mechanical Engineering

Background:

Titanium alloys typically require high temperatures for complex shape formation due to limited formability.
Single-point incremental forming (SPIF) offers a potential room-temperature alternative for forming titanium alloys.
Sheet thinning in SPIF can lead to premature fracture, compromising part integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the use of laser metal deposition (LMD) as an additive step to tailor sheet thickness before SPIF.
To analyze the mechanical behavior and microstructural changes of LMD-thickened commercially pure titanium grade 2 (CP-Ti50A).
To evaluate the effect of LMD pre-thickening on the thickness distribution and formability of titanium sheets during SPIF.

Main Methods:

Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) was employed to locally thicken CP-Ti50A sheets.
Tensile testing was conducted to assess the mechanical properties of the tailored material.
In-situ digital image correlation (DIC) was used to measure strain distribution.
Microstructural analysis examined the effects of LMD on the titanium material.
SPIF was performed on the LMD-tailored preforms.

Main Results:

LMD treatment resulted in isotropic in-plane mechanical properties, unlike the original anisotropic material.
Build height from LMD showed minimal impact on the material's strength.
Microstructural analysis revealed a heat-affected zone (HAZ) and grain growth in the LMD-added material.
SPIF of LMD-tailored preforms achieved improved thickness homogeneity.
Premature fracture occurred in high wall angle regions of the SPIF-formed parts.

Conclusions:

LMD pre-thickening can enhance thickness homogeneity in SPIF of titanium sheets.
While improving thickness distribution, the LMD additive process introduces microstructural changes and can lead to localized fracture.
Further research is needed to mitigate fracture issues and optimize the LMD-SPIF process for complex titanium part manufacturing.