Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

123.0K
Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
123.0K
Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

65.0K
Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
65.0K
Structures of Aldehydes and Ketones01:04

Structures of Aldehydes and Ketones

9.4K
Vanillin—a flavoring agent in vanilla, cinnamaldehyde—a molecule responsible for the distinct smell of cinnamon, and acetone—a strong-smelling ingredient in nail polish removers, all belong to a class of carbonyl compounds called aldehydes and ketones (Figure 1). Although both aldehydes and ketones contain the characteristic carbonyl (C=O) bond, their chemical structures vary with respect to the groups directly attached to the carbonyl carbon.
In aldehydes (Figures 1a and 1b),...
9.4K
π Molecular Orbitals of 1,3-Butadiene01:24

π Molecular Orbitals of 1,3-Butadiene

9.6K
Conjugated dienes have lower heats of hydrogenation than cumulated and isolated dienes, making them more stable. The enhanced stabilization of conjugated systems can be understood from their π molecular orbitals.
The simplest conjugated diene is 1,3-butadiene: a four-carbon system where each carbon is sp2-hybridized and has an unhybridized p orbital that contains an unpaired electron. According to molecular orbital theory, atomic orbitals combine to form molecular orbitals such that the number...
9.6K
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

48.1K
The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
48.1K
Valence Bond Theory and Hybridized Orbitals02:38

Valence Bond Theory and Hybridized Orbitals

20.6K
According to valence bond theory, a covalent bond results when: (1) an orbital on one atom overlaps an orbital on a second atom, and (2) the single electrons in each orbital combine to form an electron pair. The strength of a covalent bond depends on the extent of overlap of the orbitals involved. Maximum overlap is possible when the orbitals overlap on a direct line between the two nuclei.
A σ bond (single bond in a Lewis structure) is a covalent bond in which the electron density is...
20.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Characterizing functional group composition of needle coke feedstocks via infrared spectroscopy: Experimental and simulation techniques.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy·2026
Same author

Molecular and Computational Basis of Taste Perception: A Review toward the "Digital Language of Taste".

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Computational Investigation of Novel pUL56 Ligands Using Docking and Molecular Dynamics with Preliminary Cytotoxicity Evaluation: An Early-Stage Study.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Designing soft materials through synthetic morphogenesis.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Hydrogen Transfer-Driven Photocatalysis in a Hydrogen-Bonded Melamine-Barbiturate Assembly.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2026
Same author

Study of the Mechanical Stability of Glass Nanopipettes under Force Loads.

Analytical chemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2025

HKUST-1 as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Vanillin
11:15

HKUST-1 as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Vanillin

Published on: July 23, 2016

10.3K

Piezo-Responsive Hydrogen-Bonded Frameworks Based on Vanillin-Barbiturate Conjugates.

Anna S Nebalueva1, Alexandra A Timralieva1, Roman V Sadovnichii1

  • 1Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 St. Petersburg, Russia.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

New organic frameworks exhibit piezo-responsive properties. Modifying substituents on vanillin-barbiturate conjugates altered structures, impacting piezoelectricity and crystallinity, offering tunable materials for electronic applications.

Keywords:
DFT calculationsKnoevenagel condensationbarbituric acidpiezoelectric effectvanillin derivatives

More Related Videos

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
14:11

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach

Published on: June 10, 2021

6.3K
Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
13:56

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Published on: October 12, 2019

7.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 29, 2025

HKUST-1 as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Vanillin
11:15

HKUST-1 as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Vanillin

Published on: July 23, 2016

10.3K
Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
14:11

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach

Published on: June 10, 2021

6.3K
Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
13:56

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Published on: October 12, 2019

7.7K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Organic frameworks offer tunable properties for advanced applications.
  • Piezoelectric materials are crucial for sensors and actuators.
  • Hydrogen-bonded and π-π-stacked structures influence material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and investigate piezo-responsive organic frameworks based on vanillin-barbiturate conjugates.
  • To explore the impact of substituent modification on structural and piezoelectric properties.
  • To understand the interplay between π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and piezoelectric response.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of vanillin-barbiturate conjugates with varying substituents.
  • Characterization using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD).
  • Computational analysis using density functional theory (DFT) and experimental measurement via piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM).

Main Results:

  • Structural transformation from rigid rods to porous aggregates observed upon substituent change.
  • Decreased crystallinity correlated with structural changes.
  • DFT calculations indicated π-π stacking is a dominant stabilizing force over hydrogen bonding.
  • Significant reduction in piezoelectric coefficient (d33) from 2.74 ± 0.54 pm/V to 0.57 ± 0.11 pm/V.

Conclusions:

  • Vanillin-barbiturate conjugates can form piezo-responsive organic frameworks.
  • Substituent engineering effectively tunes structural morphology and piezoelectric performance.
  • These findings pave the way for designing novel organic piezoelectric materials.