Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 21, 2026

Dual-mode Imaging of Cutaneous Tissue Oxygenation and Vascular Function
Published on: December 8, 2010
PvO2 changes in cutaneous veins during regression of spinal anaesthesia
Abstract:
Following transurethral resection of the prostate under spinal anaesthesia, 26 patients were divided into two groups according to the sensory levels measured in the recovery room: Group A: 20 patients with sensory level T10 or above, and Group B: six patients with sensory level T11 or T12. Through an intravenous catheter placed preoperatively in a superficial vein of the foot, serial blood samples were drawn to measure the PvO2. In Group A, the PvO2 increased significantly after spinal anaesthesia compared with preoperative control values, then decreased when the sensory level receded to T11 or T12. In Group B, the changes in PvO2 from control to postspinal and to motor recovery were not significant. The authors postulate that sympathetic denervation induced by spinal anaesthesia increases the PvO2 by the opening of arteriovenous anastomoses in the cutaneous circulation, and the PvO2 decreases with sympathetic recovery. These findings confirm that significant sympathetic denervation of the lower limbs can be expected at a sensory level of T10 or above, and sympathetic recovery begins when the sensory level recedes below T10.
More Related Videos
07:52Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
Published on: January 29, 2011
08:05Occlusion of the Great and Small Saphenous Vein Using Copolymeric Glue Based on N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate and Methacryloxy Sulfolane
Published on: December 9, 2022
Related Concept Videos
Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this principle...
Venous Return
What is Venous Return?
Venous return refers to the rate at which blood flows back to the heart from the body's peripheral veins. It's an integral part of the circulatory system as it...
Veins of Lower Limbs
Formed by the union of the medial and lateral plantar veins, the posterior tibial vein, rising through the calf muscle, assimilates the fibular vein. The anterior tibial vein, a superior extension of the foot's dorsalis pedis vein, merges with the posterior tibial vein at the knee,...
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above the...
Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management