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Related Concept Videos

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Solubility03:00

Solubility

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Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.1K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

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Emulsion Polymerization Using an Amphiphilic Oligoether Ionic Liquid as a Surfactant.

Ariadna Jiménez-Victoria1, René D Peralta-Rodríguez1, Enrique Saldívar-Guerra1

  • 1Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna #140, 25294 Saltillo, Mexico.

Polymers
|September 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Ionic liquids (ILs) effectively act as surfactants in emulsion polymerization (EP), matching conventional surfactant performance for methyl methacrylate and styrene EP. This study confirms ILs

Keywords:
colloidal polymeric dispersionemulsion polymerizationionic liquid C1EG™ionic liquid surfactantmethyl methacrylatestyrene

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Ionic liquids (ILs) show potential as surfactants for various colloidal systems.
  • Understanding ILs' role in heterogeneous polymerization is crucial for developing new materials.
  • Conventional surfactants in emulsion polymerization (EP) are well-established but may have environmental drawbacks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of an ionic liquid (IL) as a surfactant in emulsion polymerization (EP).
  • To compare the performance of a specific IL surfactant with a conventional surfactant in EP.
  • To assess the impact of ILs on polymerization kinetics and particle formation.

Main Methods:

  • Selected an amphiphile cationic oligoether (IoLiLyte C1EG™) as the IL surfactant.
  • Conducted EP of methyl methacrylate and styrene using the IL and dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB).
  • Determined optimal IL concentration and compared polymerization rates, monomer conversion, and particle size.

Main Results:

  • The IL surfactant demonstrated comparable polymerization rates to DTAB for both monomers.
  • Monomer conversion and final particle size were similar between the IL and DTAB.
  • The IL successfully stabilized the emulsion polymerization systems.

Conclusions:

  • The investigated ionic liquid functions effectively as a surfactant in emulsion polymerization.
  • ILs offer a viable alternative to conventional surfactants in EP for specific monomers.
  • Emulsion polymerization using this IL follows established Smith-Ewart kinetics.