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Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
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The maximum power flow for lossy transmission lines is derived using ABCD parameters in phasor form. These parameters create a matrix relationship between the sending-end and receiving-end voltages and currents, allowing the determination of the receiving-end current. This relationship facilitates calculating the complex power delivered to the receiving end, from which real and reactive power components are derived.
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Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
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Distribution reliability in electrical power systems is critical for ensuring an uninterrupted power supply to consumers at minimal cost. According to IEEE Standard Terms, reliability is the probability that a device will function without failure over a specified time period or amount of usage. For electric power distribution, this translates to maintaining continuous power supply and addressing customer concerns over power outages. Several indices, as defined by IEEE Standard 1366-2012, are...
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A parallel-plate capacitor with capacitance C, whose plates have area A and separation distance d, is connected to a resistor R and a battery of voltage V. The current starts to flow at t = 0. What is the displacement current between the capacitor plates at time t? From the properties of the capacitor, what is the corresponding real current?
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Power system distribution involves delivering electrical energy from power plants to consumers through a network of transmission and distribution systems. The process begins at power plants, where energy from coal, gas, nuclear, water, and wind is converted into electrical energy. These plants use three-phase generators, typically rated between 50 to 1300 MVA, with terminal voltages ranging from a few kV to 20 kV, depending on the size and age of the units.
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Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
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Empowering Intelligent Surfaces and User Pairing for IoT Relaying Systems: Outage Probability and Ergodic Capacity

Huu-Phuc Dang1, Minh-Sang Van Nguyen2, Dinh-Thuan Do3

  • 1Electrical-Electronics Department, School of Engineering and Technology, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh 87000, Vietnam.

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Summary

Integrating reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) enhances mobile network performance. Optimal power allocation, not RIS settings, is key, with strong users benefiting most from 35% transmit power.

Keywords:
ergodic capacitynon-orthogonal multiple accessoutage probabilityreconfigurable intelligent surfacesrelay

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Area of Science:

  • Wireless communication networks
  • Signal processing
  • Information theory

Background:

  • The Internet of Things (IoT) demands significant performance improvements in spectrum utilization, device connectivity, and data rates.
  • Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) are emerging technologies with potential to address these demands.
  • Existing NOMA and relaying techniques require enhancement for mobile user performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and analyze the integration of RIS with NOMA and relaying techniques for enhanced mobile user performance.
  • To evaluate the performance of NOMA-aided RIS systems using outage probability and ergodic capacity.
  • To compare the performance of NOMA-aided RIS systems against traditional orthogonal multiple access (OMA).

Main Methods:

  • Development of closed-form expressions for outage probability and ergodic capacity.
  • Performance analysis of a two-user system integrating RIS, NOMA, and relaying.
  • Validation of theoretical expressions using Monte-Carlo simulations.

Main Results:

  • NOMA-aided RIS systems offer significant performance benefits over traditional OMA.
  • Power allocation factors critically influence the performance gap between users, more so than RIS configuration.
  • Optimal outage performance for the strong user is achieved with 35% of the total transmit power.

Conclusions:

  • The integration of RIS with NOMA presents a promising approach for future wireless networks.
  • Strategic power allocation is crucial for maximizing performance gains in NOMA-aided RIS systems.
  • Further research can explore advanced power allocation strategies and different network scenarios.