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Beamforming with 1 × N Conformal Arrays
Irfan Ullah1, Benjamin D Braaten2, Adnan Iftikhar3
1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 9, 2022
Summary
This study presents adaptive beamforming for conformal antennas on curved surfaces, crucial for wireless devices. The projection method effectively designs these antennas, enabling robust performance for future wireless applications.
Area of Science:
- Electromagnetics and Antenna Theory
- Wireless Communication Systems
- Metamaterials and Advanced Antennas
Background:
- Increasing demand for wireless spectrum access necessitates antennas with advanced capabilities like conformability and adaptive beamforming.
- Existing antenna designs often struggle to maintain performance on non-planar, flexible surfaces.
- Microstrip patch antenna arrays are key components in modern wireless systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop adaptive beamforming patterns for microstrip patch antenna arrays on flexible, conformal surfaces.
- To investigate the effectiveness of the projection method, incorporating mutual coupling, for designing these antennas.
- To provide guidelines for designing conformal phased-array antennas with adaptive nulling.
Main Methods:
- Derivation of array coefficients using the projection method, accounting for mutual coupling between antenna elements.
- Embedding a linear four-element microstrip patch antenna array onto two deformed conformal surfaces.
- Validation through theoretical calculations (MATLAB), full-wave simulations (HFSS), and experimental measurements.
Main Results:
- The projection method successfully generated desired adaptive beamforming patterns on conformal surfaces.
- Measured results closely matched simulated results, confirming the accuracy of the developed method.
- Analysis provided new insights into the impact of mutual coupling and surface deformation on beamforming.
Conclusions:
- The developed projection method enables efficient and robust adaptive beamforming for conformal phased-array antennas.
- This research paves the way for advanced antennas in cellular and Internet of Things (IoT) devices.
- The findings support the creation of antennas with multiple beam-forming and adaptive nulling capabilities.
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