Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

129
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
129
Anxiety: Overview01:18

Anxiety: Overview

338
Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
338
Generalized Anxiety Disorder01:30

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

191
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
191
Anxiolytic Drugs: Overview01:26

Anxiolytic Drugs: Overview

451
Anxiolytic drugs are vital in managing anxiety disorders by effectively alleviating symptoms such as excessive fear, tachycardia, and tremors. There are several classes of anxiolytic medications, each with unique mechanisms of action and potential side effects.
Primary Types of Anxiolytic Drugs
1. Benzodiazepines:
Benzodiazepines bind to the GABA-A receptor in the brain, enhancing GABA's interaction. This action reduces neurotransmission, effectively blocking anxiety-associated limbic...
451

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Impact of sex differences on the association between clinical predictors and electroconvulsive therapy outcomes: results from the Dutch ECT Consortium (DEC).

Journal of affective disorders·2026
Same author

Does the Loss of Autobiographical Memories Contribute to the Therapeutic Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy?

Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica·2026
Same author

Declining verbal fluency after DBS in Parkinson's disease: Mental speed or executive dysfunction?

Journal of Parkinson's disease·2026
Same author

Effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy for depression: comparing research studies with real-world clinical data from the Dutch ECT consortium.

Comprehensive psychiatry·2026
Same author

Comparing the temporal pattern of symptom change across multiple treatments for depression.

Journal of affective disorders·2026
Same author

Which Residual Symptoms Predict Relapse in major Depression? A Scoping Review: Quels symptômes résiduels constituent des prédicteurs de rechute de dépression majeure? Un examen de la portée.

Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance
08:17

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Published on: July 19, 2017

7.6K

ECT-related anxiety during maintenance ECT: A prospective study.

Jasmien Obbels1, Els Gijsbregts2, Esmée Verwijk3,4,5

  • 1KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT), Kortenberg, Belgium.

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
|September 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Electroconvulsive therapy-related anxiety (ECT-RA) decreases during acute treatment but remains stable during maintenance ECT (M-ECT). Anxiety levels in psychotic depression patients significantly declined during acute ECT, unlike in non-psychotic depression patients.

Keywords:
ECTanxietydepressionmaintenance treatment

More Related Videos

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

3.8K
Elevated Plus Maze Test Combined with Video Tracking Software to Investigate the Anxiolytic Effect of Exogenous Ketogenic Supplements
05:42

Elevated Plus Maze Test Combined with Video Tracking Software to Investigate the Anxiolytic Effect of Exogenous Ketogenic Supplements

Published on: January 7, 2019

31.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance
08:17

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Published on: July 19, 2017

7.6K
Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

3.8K
Elevated Plus Maze Test Combined with Video Tracking Software to Investigate the Anxiolytic Effect of Exogenous Ketogenic Supplements
05:42

Elevated Plus Maze Test Combined with Video Tracking Software to Investigate the Anxiolytic Effect of Exogenous Ketogenic Supplements

Published on: January 7, 2019

31.5K

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for severe depression.
  • ECT-related anxiety (ERA) is a distressing complication, typically diminishing during acute treatment.
  • The course of ERA during maintenance ECT (M-ECT) has not been previously studied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the trajectory of ERA during M-ECT.
  • To compare ERA trajectories during M-ECT with those during the acute phase of ECT.
  • To explore differences in ERA trajectories based on depression subtype (psychotic vs. non-psychotic).

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-nine patients undergoing M-ECT for unipolar or bipolar depression were enrolled.
  • ERA was assessed using the ECT-related Anxiety Questionnaire (ERAQ) before each M-ECT session.
  • Statistical analysis, including regression coefficients (RC), was used to analyze ERA trajectories.

Main Results:

  • ERA remained stable throughout the M-ECT course (RC = -0.05, p = 0.42).
  • ERA significantly declined during the acute ECT course (RC = -0.85, p = 0.0082).
  • Patients with psychotic depression exhibited higher baseline anxiety and a significant ERA decline during acute ECT, unlike non-psychotic patients.

Conclusions:

  • ERA follows a stable course during M-ECT after decreasing during acute ECT.
  • Differences in ERA trajectories exist between psychotic and non-psychotic depression during acute ECT.
  • The decline in depression severity correlates with ERA reduction during acute ECT but not during M-ECT.