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Related Concept Videos

Spasmolytic Agents: Chemical Classification01:29

Spasmolytic Agents: Chemical Classification

1.0K
Spasmolytic agents are drugs used to alleviate muscle spasms and spasticity. They can be categorized into different chemical groups based on their mechanisms of action. Centrally acting spasmolytics primarily affect the spinal cord, while others directly target skeletal muscle cells.
A major class of centrally acting spasmolytics is the α2-agonist, such as tizanidine. These drugs bind to α2-adrenoceptors, inhibiting the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. They also...
1.0K
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants01:28

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

2.6K
Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with the neurotransmission at the neuromuscular end plate to induce paralysis during...
2.6K
Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:24

Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

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Centrally acting muscle relaxants reduce muscle tone and tension by interfering with the postsynaptic reflexes in the central nervous system.
Centrally acting drugs are classified into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic drugs such as baclofen, diazepam, and tizanidine inhibit spinal motor neurons and decrease muscle tone. Spasmolytic drugs are administered for severe and chronic spasms due to multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, stroke, and spinal cord and muscle injuries. However,...
808
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

590
Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
590
Peripherally and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: A Comparison01:09

Peripherally and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: A Comparison

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Skeletal muscle relaxants can target the central nervous system [CNS] to reduce muscle tension or act directly at the neuromuscular junction to induce temporary paralysis. These two classes of muscle relaxants are called centrally acting muscle relaxants and peripherally acting muscle relaxants. They differ in their action, mechanism, administration route, and clinical uses.
Centrally acting muscle relaxants can be further divided into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic...
3.6K

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Author Spotlight: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Movement Observation in Cerebral Palsy
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[How to treat spasticity after stroke ?]

L Vogel1, C Waxweiler2, F Depierreux1

  • 1Service de Neurologie, CHU Liège, Belgique.

Revue Medicale De Liege
|September 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spasticity, a common condition after stroke, causes significant functional limitations. Early diagnosis and treatment, including botulinum toxin type A injections and physical therapy, are crucial to prevent complications.

Keywords:
Botulinum toxinNeurectomyStrokeSpasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Background:

  • Spasticity is a prevalent neurological condition following stroke, characterized by hypertonia.
  • It leads to functional limitations, contractures, osteoarticular deformities, pain, and wounds.
  • Delayed diagnosis and treatment exacerbate negative patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment of spasticity post-stroke.
  • To outline current therapeutic strategies for focal or multifocal spasticity.
  • To differentiate spasticity from other hypertonic disorders like dystonia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current medical literature on spasticity management.
  • Analysis of first-line treatments including botulinum toxin type A injections, positioning, and physical therapy.
  • Discussion of surgical options for specific indications.

Main Results:

  • Intramuscular botulinum toxin type A injections combined with physical therapy are the primary treatment for focal spasticity.
  • Delayed diagnosis is a significant issue, leading to preventable patient harm.
  • Distinguishing spasticity from other hypertonias is essential for appropriate management.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis and intervention are critical for managing spasticity effectively after stroke.
  • A multimodal approach involving injections, physical therapy, and potentially surgery improves patient outcomes.
  • Accurate differentiation from conditions like dystonia ensures targeted and effective treatment strategies.