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Seronegative Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis: A Case Report.
Deepali Aendole1, Jimmy Lalkaka2, Jui Jade3
1Assistant Professor, Topiwala National Medical College and Bai Yamunabai Laxman Nair Charitable Hospital;Corresponding Author.
The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|September 9, 2022
Summary
Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) can occur without specific antibodies. Early immunotherapy is crucial for patients presenting with neurological symptoms suggestive of AE, even with negative antibody tests.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Immunology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is an immune-mediated central nervous system (CNS) disorder.
- Autoimmune limbic encephalitis (LE), a subset of AE, involves limbic cortex inflammation, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and seizures.
Observation:
- A 70-year-old man presented with progressive gait imbalance, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric symptoms.
- Extensive serum and CSF tests, including autoimmune and paraneoplastic antibody panels, were negative.
- Brain MRI and PET scans indicated LE.
Findings:
- Despite negative antibody findings, the patient responded well to immunotherapy.
- This case highlights AE diagnosis in the absence of specific antibodies.
Implications:
- Clinicians should suspect AE in appropriate clinical settings, even without detectable antibodies.
- Early immunotherapy administration is recommended for suspected AE cases to improve patient outcomes.
