Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Reconstruction of Signal using Interpolation01:10

Reconstruction of Signal using Interpolation

308
Signal processing techniques are essential for accurately converting continuous signals to digital formats and vice versa. When a continuous signal is sampled with a period T, the resulting sampled signal exhibits replicas of the original spectrum in the frequency domain, spaced at intervals equal to the sampling frequency. To handle this sampled signal, a zero-order hold method can be applied, which creates a piecewise constant signal by retaining each sample's value until the next...
308
State Space Representation01:27

State Space Representation

275
The frequency-domain technique, commonly used in analyzing and designing feedback control systems, is effective for linear, time-invariant systems. However, it falls short when dealing with nonlinear, time-varying, and multiple-input multiple-output systems. The time-domain or state-space approach addresses these limitations by utilizing state variables to construct simultaneous, first-order differential equations, known as state equations, for an nth-order system.
Consider an RLC circuit, a...
275
Pedigree Analysis01:35

Pedigree Analysis

84.8K
Overview
84.8K
Traits and States01:17

Traits and States

300
Personality traits represent consistent patterns in behavior, thoughts, and emotions, reflecting an individual's tendencies across various situations. For example, extraversion, a well-known trait, manifests in individuals as talkative, energetic, and enthusiastic behaviors. These traits are stable over time, offering a reliable framework for predicting how people might act in different contexts. However, they do not define every moment of an individual's life. In contrast to traits,...
300
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

6.1K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
6.1K
Bootstrapping01:24

Bootstrapping

663
The term "bootstrap" originated in the 19th century as a metaphor for self-improvement or achieving something independently, without external assistance. This concept extends to statistical bootstrapping, a self-contained method for estimating population parameters through resampling, even though it can be computationally intensive. Developed by the American statistician Dr. Bradley Efron in 1979, bootstrapping provides a robust way to perform inference when the original sample size is...
663

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Molecular clock dating using complex mixture models: applied to ancient symbionts.

Molecular biology and evolution·2026
Same author

Quantitative-genetic analysis of directional adaptation suggests low maximum sustainable rates of change in agreement with data from field populations.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Correction: 'The deep history of the number words' (2018), by Pagel and Meade.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2025
Same author

The radiation and geographic expansion of primates through diverse climates.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Trait macroevolution in the presence of covariates.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Deep-sea origin and depth colonization associated with phenotypic innovations in scleractinian corals.

Nature communications·2023
Same journal

Mapping the 3D Chromosome Organization of a Biosynthetic Gene Cluster by Capture Hi-C (CHi-C).

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Mapping the 3D Chromosome Organization of Streptomyces by Hi-C.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

CUT&Tag Epigenomic Profiling of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Rhizobium rhizogenes-Mediated Hairy Root Transformation Protocol for Lotus japonicus and Other Legumes.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Characterization of Bioactive Saponins from Sea Cucumbers.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Methods for Functional Validation of Terpenoid Metabolic Clusters in Nicotiana benthamiana and Aspergillus oryzae.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2025

A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts
12:00

A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts

Published on: February 5, 2014

35.4K

Ancestral State Reconstruction Using BayesTraits.

Andrew Meade1, Mark Pagel2

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK. a.meade@reading.ac.uk.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|September 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reconstructing ancestral traits uses trait data, evolutionary history, and models of change. A Bayesian framework in BayesTraits accounts for uncertainty in phylogenies and models for robust ancestral state reconstruction.

Keywords:
Ancestral state reconstructionBayesianEvolutionary modelsPhylogenetic comparative methods

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Leaf Trait Analysis for Climate and Ecology Reconstruction in Modern and Ancient Plant Communities
10:14

Author Spotlight: Leaf Trait Analysis for Climate and Ecology Reconstruction in Modern and Ancient Plant Communities

Published on: October 25, 2024

3.9K
Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus
09:26

Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus

Published on: November 6, 2014

9.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 29, 2025

A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts
12:00

A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts

Published on: February 5, 2014

35.4K
Author Spotlight: Leaf Trait Analysis for Climate and Ecology Reconstruction in Modern and Ancient Plant Communities
10:14

Author Spotlight: Leaf Trait Analysis for Climate and Ecology Reconstruction in Modern and Ancient Plant Communities

Published on: October 25, 2024

3.9K
Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus
09:26

Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus

Published on: November 6, 2014

9.8K

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Paleontology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • The fossil record provides limited evidence of extinct species' traits.
  • Reconstructing ancestral states is crucial for understanding evolutionary history when fossils are scarce.
  • Trait evolution models and phylogenetic relationships are key components for reconstruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a method for reconstructing ancestral states.
  • To incorporate uncertainty in phylogenetic trees and evolutionary models.
  • To provide a framework for inferring past evolutionary trajectories.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing extant trait values (data).
  • Employing phylogenetic relationships (phylogeny) to link species.
  • Applying a Bayesian framework implemented in BayesTraits software.
  • Accounting for uncertainty in phylogenetic trees and evolutionary models.

Main Results:

  • Reconstructed ancestral states represent the most probable evolutionary pathways given the data.
  • The Bayesian approach effectively handles uncertainty in both phylogenetic and model parameters.
  • BayesTraits software facilitates robust ancestral state reconstruction.

Conclusions:

  • Ancestral state reconstruction provides valuable insights into evolutionary history.
  • Accounting for uncertainty is essential for accurate inferences about the past.
  • The described Bayesian method offers a powerful tool for evolutionary research.