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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy of the Sensory and Motor Brain Regions with Simultaneous Kinematic and EMG Monitoring During Motor Tasks
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Error related fNIRS-EEG microstate analysis during a complex surgical motor task.

Pushpinder Walia, Yaoyu Fu, Jack Norfleet

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |September 9, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary

    Brain imaging using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) captured distinct brain states in novices versus experts during surgical errors. This highlights portable brain imaging

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Medical Education
    • Surgical Training

    Background:

    • Motor skill acquisition relies on learning from errors.
    • The Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) program trains basic surgical skills.
    • Differentiating expert and novice surgical performance is crucial for training.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To capture brain states during surgical errors using multimodal brain imaging.
    • To compare brain activity between novice and expert surgeons during a complex laparoscopic task.
    • To analyze error-related microstates in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) recordings.

    Main Methods:

    • Multimodal brain imaging combining fNIRS and EEG.
    • Error-related microstate analysis in a latent space derived from regularized temporally embedded Canonical Correlation Analysis.
    • Performance of the FLS "suturing and intracorporeal knot-tying" task by 13 novices and 9 experts.
    • Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess skill level and microstate type effects.

    Main Results:

    • The proportion of time spent in specific microstates during error epochs was significantly influenced by skill level.
    • Microstate type and the interaction between skill level and microstate type also significantly affected error-related brain activity.
    • Portable brain imaging effectively captured skill-level differences in error behavior during a complex surgical task.

    Conclusions:

    • Portable brain imaging can differentiate expert and novice surgeons based on brain activity during errors.
    • This study establishes a brain-behavior relationship for monitoring surgical motor task errors.
    • Findings support the use of neuroimaging in surgical skill assessment and training.