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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

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Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
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Applications Of NMR In Biology01:25

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO&#8226;) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO&#8226; Signals in Single Cells
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Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells

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Probing nitric oxide signaling using molecular MRI.

Ali Barandov1, Souparno Ghosh1, Alan Jasanoff2

  • 1Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.

Free Radical Biology & Medicine
|September 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes are being developed to measure nitric oxide (NO) signaling. These molecular tools show promise for diagnosing physiological processes and advancing NO-related MRI technology in research and clinical settings.

Keywords:
Contrast agentMagnetic resonance imagingMolecular imagingNitric oxideNitric oxide synthase

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Molecular Imaging
  • Nitric Oxide Signaling

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is crucial for numerous physiological processes.
  • Accurate measurement of NO signaling is vital for understanding and diagnosing diseases.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a powerful platform for in vivo molecular detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development of MRI-detectable probes for studying nitrergic signaling.
  • To explore probes that capture NO levels or respond to nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity.
  • To assess the potential for animal and human applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on NO-sensitive MRI probes.
  • Discussion of molecular mechanisms of contrast agents and enzyme-responsive molecules.
  • Analysis of in vitro and in vivo experimental results.

Main Results:

  • Development of NO capture-based relaxation agents for integrated NO level detection.
  • Engineering of nitric oxide synthases for hemodynamic readouts of NO signaling.
  • Demonstration of promising in vivo data using these advanced probes.

Conclusions:

  • MRI probes show significant potential for non-invasive NO signaling studies.
  • NO capture agents and NOS-emulating molecules are key advancements.
  • Further improvements in sensitivity, specificity, and clinical applicability are ongoing.