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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Human Genetics01:28

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
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ADHD and its neurocognitive substrates: A two sample Mendelian randomization study.

Kwangmi Ahn1, Luke J Norman2, Cristina M Justice1

  • 1Neurobehavioral Clinical Research Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.

Translational Psychiatry
|September 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) causally impacts brain structure and is influenced by brain volume and connectivity. ADHD also shows bidirectional links with intelligence, depression, and autism spectrum disorder.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is linked to various neural and cognitive traits, but causal relationships remain unclear.
  • Existing research relies on cross-sectional studies, limiting causal inference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal relationship and its direction between ADHD and neurocognitive/psychiatric traits.
  • To explore potential causal links using genetic data.

Main Methods:

  • A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study was employed.
  • Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data was utilized.
  • Inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median methods were applied for analysis and robustness checks.

Main Results:

  • Genetic risk for ADHD was causally linked to a smaller lateral orbitofrontal cortex area.
  • Brain volume and intrinsic functional connectivity features showed causal effects on ADHD risk.
  • Bidirectional causal links were identified between ADHD and adult general intelligence, depression, and autistic spectrum disorders.

Conclusions:

  • This study establishes causal links between ADHD and specific neurocognitive and psychiatric conditions.
  • Findings suggest that certain neural features may play a causal role in ADHD development.
  • Highlights the intricate relationship between ADHD, cognitive abilities, and other mental health disorders.