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Related Concept Videos

The Thoracic Cage: Ribs01:20

The Thoracic Cage: Ribs

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Ribs are curved, flattened bones forming the thoracic cavity wall with the thoracic muscles. There are 12 pairs of thoracic ribs. The posterior ends of all the ribs articulate with the T1–T12 thoracic vertebrae. In contrast,the anterior ends of most ribs attach to the sternum via their costal cartilages.
Parts of a Typical Rib
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The thoracic or rib cage forms the body's thorax (chest) portion. Its primary function in the body is to protect vital organs in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and the lungs. It consists of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12).
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Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
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The thorax muscles are central to the body's respiration and provide essential support and movement for the upper body. They are intricately designed to facilitate the complex breathing process while also contributing to the structural integrity and mobility of the chest and upper limbs.
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Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Three-Dimensional Shape Modeling and Analysis of Brain Structures
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Development and Evaluation of a Rib Statistical Shape Model for Thoracic Surgery.

Antonia A Pontiki, Sara De Angelis, Connor Dibblin

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |September 10, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a faster 3D modeling technique for patient-specific rib prostheses. The new method significantly reduces production time for custom implants used in chest wall reconstruction for advanced cancer patients.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Medical Imaging
    • Orthopedic Surgery

    Background:

    • Chest wall resection for advanced cancer often necessitates rib reconstruction.
    • Current methods for creating rib prostheses from computed tomography (CT) images are time-consuming and labor-intensive.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To optimize the production of digital rib models for patient-specific prostheses.
    • To develop a time-efficient technique for creating custom rib implants.

    Main Methods:

    • Creation of a statistical shape model of human ribs.
    • Synthesis of digital rib models using the statistical shape model.
    • Comparison of synthesized models with those generated by segmentation and mirroring techniques.

    Main Results:

    • The new technique reduced rib model generation time from 11.56±1.60 minutes (segmentation) to 0.027 ±0.009 minutes.
    • Average mesh errors for the new technique were 1.37±0.66 mm (right) and 1.68 ±0.77 mm (left), comparable to mirroring (0.58-0.87 mm).

    Conclusions:

    • The novel 3D modeling method offers significant time efficiency for creating patient-specific rib prostheses.
    • This technique is user-friendly, requiring no specialized software expertise, making it suitable for clinical environments.