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Related Concept Videos

Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

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Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
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Introduction to Learning01:18

Introduction to Learning

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Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...
519
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
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Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

191
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
191
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

538
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
538
Steps in the Modeling Process01:14

Steps in the Modeling Process

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Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning identifies four critical processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement or motivation.
Attention is the first necessary component for observational learning. It involves focusing on what the model is doing and saying. For example, if you decide to take a drawing class to enhance your skills, you need to pay close attention to the instructor's words and hand movements. The characteristics of the model significantly...
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Continual Learning for Activity Recognition.

Ramesh Kumar Sah, Seyed Iman Mirzadeh, Hassan Ghasemzadeh

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    Deep neural networks for wearable sensors face catastrophic forgetting in online learning. This study explores continual learning to mitigate forgetting and improve activity recognition models for wearables.

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    Area of Science:

    • Wearable computing
    • Machine learning
    • Artificial intelligence

    Background:

    • Deep neural networks excel at prediction tasks using wearable sensor data.
    • Online learning scenarios with sequential data introduce the "catastrophic forgetting" problem.
    • Re-training models on cumulative data is computationally infeasible for real-world applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the implications of catastrophic forgetting in wearable computing for activity recognition.
    • To explore potential avenues for addressing catastrophic forgetting in this domain.
    • To demonstrate the critical challenge catastrophic forgetting poses for deploying machine learning models on wearables.

    Main Methods:

    • Studying continual learning strategies for activity recognition using wearable sensor data.
    • Evaluating the impact of catastrophic forgetting on model performance over time.
    • Employing various training techniques to alleviate the catastrophic forgetting problem.

    Main Results:

    • Catastrophic forgetting is a significant challenge for real-world machine learning deployment in wearable systems.
    • The performance of models trained on sequential data degrades due to forgetting previously learned information.
    • Various training techniques can effectively alleviate the catastrophic forgetting problem in wearable activity recognition.

    Conclusions:

    • Continual learning is essential for robust and adaptive machine learning models in wearable computing.
    • Addressing catastrophic forgetting is crucial for the practical and long-term deployment of wearable AI.
    • Further research into specialized continual learning methods can enhance the reliability of sensor-based activity recognition.