Spatially Constrained ICA Enables Robust Detection of Schizophrenia from Very Short Resting-state fMRI

Resting-state functional network connectivity (rsFNC) has shown utility for identifying characteristic functional brain patterns in individuals with psychiatric and mood disorders, providing a promising avenue for biomarker development. However, several factors have precluded widespread clinical adoption of rsFNC diagnostics, namely the lack of standardized approaches for capturing comparable and reproducible imaging markers across individuals, as well as the disagreement on the amount of data required to robustly detect intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) and diagnostically relevant patterns of rsFNC. Here, we investigate the robustness of (1) subject-specific ICNs standardized to an a priori network template via spatially constrained ICA (scICA), and (2) rsFNC differences between schizophrenia and control groups with respect to the length of the fMRI. Our results suggest clinical rsFMRI scans, when decomposed with scICA, could potentially be shortened to just 2-4 minutes without significant loss of individual rsFNC information or classification performance of longer scan lengths. Clinical Relevance - This work shows diagnostically relevant rsFNC patterns for schizophrenia can be identified from just 2-4 minutes of rsfMRI using an scICA approach. These results can influence future work in neuroimaging biomarker development.